The Challenge of Sustaining the Research and Innovation Process

1. Mike Tansey Chief Executive Officer Thomson Scientific The Challenge of Sustaining the Research and Innovation Process

3. Basic research – The Laser 1958 - publication of the scientific paper, Infrared and Optical Lasers, by Arthur Schawlow and Charles Townes of Bell Labs. "We thought it might have some communications and scientific uses, but we had no application in mind. If we had, it might have hampered us and not worked out as well."

4. Basic research – DNA 1953 - The discovery of the structure of DNA - Cambridge University, graduate student Francis Crick and research fellow James Watson "Almost all aspects of life are engineered at the molecular level, and without understanding molecules we can only have a very sketchy understanding of life itself."

5. Applied research - Lasers Applied research arising out of the laser includes fibre optic laser communications, laser surgery, supermarket bar code scanners, digital data storage and music CDs

6. Applied research - DNA Applied research arising out of the discovery of DNA includes disease diagnosis, drug development, gene therapy and, more recently, genetically-modified organisms

7. Innovation, Protection and Exploitation "Innovation is the successful exploitation of new ideas and is a vital ingredient for competitiveness, productivity and social gain within businesses and organisations." -London Innovation* definition *One of the UK’s leading development agencies

8. Innovation, Protection and Exploitation 1974 - Seminal patent – Philips - “Optical recording disc – [which] has information recorded by selective etching of a surface layer”. 1979 - (US4188433) - Philips - “Information storage disks – for reading by reflected radiation” 1979 - (US4450553) - Philips - “Information recording disc[s]”, or in other words, recordable CDs also known as CD-Rs.

9. Wealth creation - increasing value of Intangible Assets 1997, 1998, 1999 Arthur D. Little Benchmarkingstudies 2000est

10. Transfer of wealth back into research • Genentech  University of Leuven • Pfizer  Oklohoma State, Boston, Princeton, and California • BASF  Universities of Freiburg, Magdeburg, and Karlsruhe as well as Arizona State, California and Pittsburgh

11. Transfer of wealth back into research EU versus US and Japan in terms of expenditure on R&D as a proportion of GDP R&D intensity in 2000: • EU’s 1.93% • US 2.69% • Japan 2.98%

12. The challenge of sustaining the wealth creation cycle • Knowledge transfer from academia to industry • Who’s doing what? • How do we find out? • What funding is available? • How do we facilitate communication? • Commercial incentives • Wealth transfer back from the economy to fund basic research

13. The challenge of sustaining the wealth creation cycle • Two complementary strands: • euroCRIS initiative – database of people, research centres, funding etc. • Research documentation systems

14. The challenge of sustaining the wealth creation cycle - Case Studies • Biotechnology vs Nanotechnology • In order to establish trends in fundamental research being conducted, we may conduct some macro analyses of the scientific and patent literature to establish several measures: • When was research initiated? • What is the current trend in volume of research (increasing or decreasing)? • Where is research being conducted? • By whom?

15. When was research into monoclonal antibodies initiated; what are the current trends? Monoclonal Antibody Papers 1981 - 2002 Source: ISI Essential Science Indicators

16. When was research into monoclonal antibodies initiated; what are the current trends? Monoclonal Antibody patents 1977 - 2001 Source: Derwent World Patents Index

17. Where is research being conducted? Monoclonal Antibody papers by country Source: Essential Science Indicators

18. Where is research being conducted? Monoclonal Antibody patenting activity by country Source: Derwent World Patents Index

19. Where is research being conducted? Patenting activity by priority country and year Source: Derwent World Patents Index

20. Who is conducting research? Scientific literature analysis of academic institutions Source: ISI Essential Science Indicators

21. Who is conducting research? Top 15 organisations patenting Monoclonal Antibodies Source: Derwent World Patents Index

22. Who is conducting research? Top 5 organisations patenting Monoclonal Antibodies Source: Derwent World Patents Index

23. Who is conducting research? Protein Design Labs - commercial success 1990 - Patent application WO9007861 - Protein Design Labs - “CHIMERIC IMMUNOGLOBULINS SPECIFIC FOR p55 TAC PROTEIN OF THE IL-2 RECEPTOR”. Source: Derwent World Patents Index

24. Trends – Monoclonal Antibodies Comparison of papers vs patents on Monoclonal Antibodies Source: ISI Essential Science Indicators, Derwent World Patents Index

25. Trends – Nanotechnology Comparison of papers vs patents on Nanotechnology Source: ISI Essential Science Indicators, Derwent World Patents Index

26. Trends – Nanotechnology Projection of Nanotechnology development Source: ISI Essential Science Indicators, Derwent World Patents Index

27. Trends – Monoclonal Antibodies Monoclonal Antibody patenting activity by country * *EP = European Patent Source: Derwent World Patents Index

28. Trends – Nanotechnology Percentage of patents Source: Derwent World Patents Index

29. The comparative position of Europe and the US Number of papers for overall country in 1 Year periods cited to present Source: ISI Essential Science Indicators

30. The comparative position of Europe and the US US vs EP number of inventions to universities Source: Derwent World Patents Index

31. The comparative position of Europe and the US “..Europe must do more if it is to become the truly knowledge-based economy called for in March 2001 by the European Council in Lisbon. The message emerging from the latest report by the Commission entitled "Science, technology and innovation - Key figures 2002" is that investments in the knowledge-based economy (combining research, education, training and human resources) are lagging behind in some countries and that progress in the transition to the knowledge-based economyin most European countries is still too slow.” euroCRIS

32. European projects - ERGO • December 1998 - ERGO (European Research Gateways Online) Pilot Project, a single gateway to national databases of research projects via a central catalogue and user-friendly search form • Successfully demonstrated: • The practical feasibility and added value of a facilitated access to national R&D information from a single entry point; • The suitability of a catalogue-based (metadata) concept both for data collection and easy searching.

33. European projects - ERGO • Basic features • A central catalogue holding basic information on each project contained in participating databases; • Further information available directly from the relevant participating database(s); • Regular automatic updating of the catalogue by transmission of basic information from each database

34. European projects - euroCRIS • Common user requirements - features and functionality  • Comprehensive and accurate information; • Reliable information; • Quality information; • Easy to find information (user-friendly interface); • Comprehensive subject indexing to get to relevant information quickly; • On-line help/explanation of subject indexing; • On-line document ordering; • Comprehensive searching facility; • Links to other databases; • Import/export functions (ability to download in different formats);

35. euroCRIS & Thomson Scientific - complementary strands “It was agreed that overlap has to be avoided with research documentation systems such as publication databases or patent information systems” CERIF Revision Working Group (CERIF 2000)

36. euroCRIS & Thomson Scientific - complementary strands • Thomson Scientific • Helping to identify cutting edge research fronts • Acting as fuel for the R&D process in converting that research into new innovations • Helping to track the progress of those innovations to commercialisation and wealth creation via protection and exploitation • Essential data to assist policy makers in re-investing a proportion of that wealth in directed programs of further research to arrive at the start of the cycle again

37. Thomson Scientific “I make an effort to find a seminal author and then do a cited author search, and always find items I wouldn't have found by other means.” Professor Charles Oppenheim Dept of Information Science Loughborough University UK

38. Thomson Scientific “The Web of Science is not only the largest multidisciplinary database of the scientific literature, it also provides our users with navigation tools not available in any other resource.” Dr. Benjamin F. Bowman Head of Information Services Max Planck Society Germany

39. Thomson Scientific "Derwent’s patent information is indispensable. We use it at Siemens to discover what is state of the art and to serve our business units with actual published documents world-wide.”  Gerold Frers Head of Patent Information Siemens AG

40. Mike Tansey Chief Executive Officer Thomson Scientific Thank you