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Nomenclature Rules!

Nomenclature Rules!. Nomeclature. One name for each substance, one substance for each (valid) name. If it is a…. The nomenclature rules depend on what type of substance. There are several systems. Ionic compounds Covalent compounds Acids. If it is a….

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Nomenclature Rules!

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  1. Nomenclature Rules!

  2. Nomeclature One name for each substance, one substance for each (valid) name

  3. If it is a… • The nomenclature rules depend on what type of substance. There are several systems. • Ionic compounds • Covalent compounds • Acids

  4. If it is a… • The nomenclature rules depend on what type of substance. There are several systems. • Ionic compounds—begins with a metal • Covalent compounds—no metals • Acids—begins with H

  5. Ionic compounds: Formula to name • Name (don’t count) the ions. • MgO • BaCl2 • Na2SO3 • NiBr3 • Fe2(CrO4)3 Name the ions

  6. Ionic compounds: Formula to name • Name (don’t count) the ions. • MgO magnesium oxide • BaCl2 • Na2SO3 • NiBr3 • Fe2(CrO4)3 Not “oxygen” Name the ions

  7. Ionic compounds: Formula to name • Name (don’t count) the ions. • MgO magnesium oxide • BaCl2 barium chloride • Na2SO3 • NiBr3 • Fe2(CrO4)3 Not “dichloride” Name the ions

  8. Ionic compounds: Formula to name • Name (don’t count) the ions. • MgO magnesium oxide • BaCl2 barium chloride • Na2SO3 sodium sulfite • NiBr3 • Fe2(CrO4)3 Look it up! Name the ions

  9. Now, wait a minute • Two comounds of bromine and nickel are possible. NiBr3 and NiBr2 • You can’t call them both nickel bromide • Transition element ions are written with a Roman numeral to show the charge.

  10. Now, wait a minute NiBr3 and NiBr2 • The (-) ion tells you the charge on the metal. • 3 x -1=-3Nickel has a +3 charge • 2 x -1=-2Nickel has a +2 charge

  11. Ionic compounds: Formula to name • Name (don’t count) the ions. • MgO magnesium oxide • BaCl2 barium chloride • Na2SO3 sodium sulfite • NiBr3 nickel (III) bromide • Fe2(CrO4)3 Name the ions

  12. Ionic compounds: Formula to name • Name (don’t count) the ions. • MgO magnesium oxide • BaCl2 barium chloride • Na2SO3 sodium sulfite • NiBr3 nickel (III) bromide • Fe2(CrO4)3 iron (III) chromate Name the ions

  13. Ionic compounds: Formula to name • Name (don’t count) the ions. • NaBr • K2O • (NH4)2CO3 • FeS • CrI3

  14. Ionic compounds: Formula to name • Name (don’t count) the ions. • NaBr sodium bromide • K2O potassium oxide • (NH4)2CO3 ammonium carbonate • FeS iron (II) sulfide • CrI3 chromium (III) iodide

  15. Warnings • Group metals (group 1 and 2 and aluminum) do not get a Roman numeral • Count your charges to get the transition element charge. The Roman numeral is part of an ion’s name • Watch out for Hg+2 vs Hg2+2, O-2 vs O2-2

  16. Ionic compounds: Name to formula • Balance your charges • Lithium chloride • calcium bromide • Aluminum sulfate • cobalt (II) oxide • nickel (III) nitrite

  17. Ionic compounds: Name to formula • Balance your charges • Lithium chloride LiCl • calcium bromide CaBr2 • Aluminum sulfate Al2(SO4)3 • cobalt (II) oxide CoO • nickel (III) nitrite Ni(NO2)3

  18. Warnings • Use () when you double or triple a polyatomic ion • Balance your charges

  19. Mono- Di- Tri- Tetra- Penta- Hexa- Hepta- 8. Octo- 9. Nona- 10. Deca- 11. Undeca- 12. Dodeca- 13. Trisdeca- … 20. Icosa- Prefixes (Back of your chart)

  20. PS—Hydrated salts • Hydrated salts are written with • x H20 • They are named with (prefix)hydrate • For example: Cobalt (II) chloride dihydrate = CoCl2• 2H20

  21. Covalent compounds: Formula to name • Name the atoms, in order, with prefixes (ends in –ide) • N2S5 • CCl4 • P2O5 • BF3

  22. Covalent compounds: Formula to name • Name the atoms, in order, with prefixes (ends in –ide) • N2S5 dinitrogen pentasulfide • CCl4 carbon tetrachloride • P2O5 diphosphorus pentoxide • BF3 boron trifluoride

  23. Warnings • First element is named, second one ends in “–ide” • An “a” or “o” is dropped from the prefix before “–oxide” • The “mono-” prefix is omitted on the first atom

  24. Covalent compounds: Name to formula • Write the atoms, prefixes become subscripts • nitrogen trichloride • Arsenic trioxide • Bromine monochloride • Xenon tetrafluoride

  25. Covalent compounds: Name to formula • Write the atoms, prefixes become subscripts • nitrogen trichloride NCl3 • Arsenic trioxide AsO3 • Bromine monochloride BrCl • Xenon tetrafluoride XeF4

  26. Acids • If the anion name then the acid name • ends in…. is…

  27. Acids • If the anion name then the acid name • ends in…. is… • --ide Hydro___ic acid • (hypo--) --ite Hypo___ous acid • --ite ___ous acid • --ate ___ic acid • (per--) –ate Per ___ic acid

  28. AcidsFormula to name • HI is _________acid • HBrO4 is _________acid • H2CO3 is _________acid • H2SO3 is ________acid • HClOis ___________acid

  29. AcidsFormula to name • HI is hydroiodic acid • HBrO4 is perbromic acid • H2CO3 is carbonic acid • H2SO3 is sulfurous acid • HClOis hypochlorous acid

  30. Acids Name to formula • ____is hydrocyanic acid • ____is periodic acid • _____is phosphoric acid • _____is nitrous acid • ____is hypoiodous acid

  31. Acids Name to formula • HCN is hydrocyanic acid • HIO4is periodic acid • H3PO4is phosphoric acid • HNO2is nitrous acid • HIOis hypoiodous acid

  32. What is the name? • K2S • CrO3 • CaSO4•2H2O • Pb(C2H3O2)2 • CuI2

  33. What is the name? • K2S Potassium sulfide • CrO3 Chromium (VI) oxide • CaSO4•2H2O Calcium sulfate dihydrate • Pb(C2H3O2)2 Lead (II) acetate • CuI2 Copper (II) iodide

  34. What is the formula? • Gold (I) chloride • Lithium oxide • Iron (II) cyanide • Potassium chlorate • Nickel (II) nitrate hexahydrate

  35. What is the formula? • Gold (I) chloride AuCl • Lithium oxide Li2O • Iron (II) cyanide Fe(CN)2 • Potassium chlorate KClO3 • Nickel (II) nitrate hexahydrate Ni(NO3)2•6H2O

  36. What is the name? • N2O3 • P4O6 • Cl2O • XeF2 • BrF5

  37. What is the name? • N2O3 dinitrogen trioxide • P4O6 tetraphosphorus hexoxide • Cl2O dichlorine monoxide • XeF2 xenon difluoride • BrF5 bromine pentafluoride

  38. What is the formula? • Phosphorus trihydride • Dinitrogen monoxide • Bromine monochloride • Xenon trioxide • Iodine heptafluoride

  39. What is the formula? • Phosphorus trihydride PH3 • Dinitrogen monoxide N2O • Bromine monochloride BrCl • Xenon trioxide XeO3 • Iodine heptafluoride IF7

  40. What is the name? • H3PO4 • H2SO3 • HClO3 • H2CrO4 • HCN

  41. What is the name? • H3PO4 phosphoric acid • H2SO3sulfurous acid • HClO3 chloric acid • H2CrO4 chromic acid • HCNhydrocyanic acid

  42. What is the formula? • Hypochlorous acid • Hydrobromic acid • Oxalic acid • Nitrous acid • Perchloric acid

  43. What is the formula? • Hypochlorous acid HClO • Hydrobromic acid HBr • Oxalic acid H2C2O4 • Nitrous acid HNO2 • Perchloric acid HClO4

  44. It’s a puzzlement • What is the name? Cu2S CuS

  45. It’s a puzzlement • What is the name? Cu2S CuS Do you get it?

  46. It’s a puzzlement • What is the name? Cu2S CuS Copper (I) sulfide Copper (II) sulfide Do you get it?

  47. It’s a puzzlement • What is the name? Cu2S CuS Copper (I) sulfide Copper (II) sulfide Do you get it?

  48. What is the formula? • Oxygen gas • Calcium metal • Solid phosphorus • Fluorine gas • Argon gas

  49. What is the formula? • Oxygen gas O2 • Calcium metal Ca(s) • Solid phosphorus P4 • Fluorine gas F2 • Argon gas Ar

  50. What is the name? • Mn(s) • H2 • I2 • S8 • Br2

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