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1. THIS IS

2. The KAIROS Indigenous Rights Quiz

3. Click here to continue Brought to you by

4. What does she sell by the seashore? Sample Question: Click a wrong answer to see what happens. Then click the correct answer. A) Surfboards B) Smoked salmon C) Cinderblocks D) Seashells Click the correct answer to continue.

5. Click here to continue Correct! She sells seashells by the seashore! (Photo: Manfred Heyde)

6. Ready? Then it’s time to play…

8. The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: The Basics Click here to start Round 1

9. What does ‘UNDRIP’ stand for? Question 1 of 6 A) United Nations Directorate for Responding to International Poverty B) United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples C) United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People D) United Nations Directory of Relatively Important People

10. Click here to continue Correct! The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (also known as the ‘UNDRIP’ or the ‘UN Declaration’) was adopted by the UN General Assembly on September 13, 2007. It is the first international human rights instrument to have been drafted with the people whose rights it addresses.

11. Why is it the ‘UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples’ and not the ‘UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People’? Question 2 of 6 A) The rights are not rights of individual Indigenous persons, but of Indigenous peoples as groups or communities B) The UN spelled ‘people’ wrong when they first printed the English version of the Declaration, and have not yet corrected their error C) ‘People’ and ‘peoples’ are synonymous, so there is no difference between the two wordings D) ‘Peoples’ is youth slang for ‘people,’ and the UN is trying to reach out to a younger demographic

12. Click here to continue Correct! It’s called the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (with an ‘s’) because the rights are not rights of individual people, but of Indigenous peoples as groups or communities. ‘Peoples’ emphasizes that there are different Indigenous communities, not just one homogenous Indigenous group. Indigenous people from around the world gathered for the Cochabamba People’s Conference in Bolivia in April 2010. (Photo: Robert Garcia)

13. According to the United Nations, how many Indigenous people are there around the world? Question 3 of 6 A) 50 million B) 370 million C) 600 million D) 1.3 billion

14. Click here to continue Correct! “Although it is estimated that indigenous peoples are some 370 million, or less than 6 per cent of the global population, they speak an overwhelming majority of the world’s estimated 7,000 languages, and are the stewards of some of the most biologically diverse areas accumulating an immeasurable amount of traditional knowledge about their ecosystems.” - United Nations, State of the World’s Indigenous Peoples, 2009

15. What percentage of the Earth’s land do Indigenous peoples occupy? Question 4 of 6 A) 2 % B) 10 % C) 15 % D) 20 %

16. Click here to continue Correct! “[T]here are approximately 370 million indigenous peoples occupying 20 per cent of the earth’s territory. [T]hey represent as many as 5,000 different indigenous cultures. The indigenous peoples of the world therefore account for most of the world’s cultural diversity, even though they constitute a numerical minority.” - United Nations, State of the World’s Indigenous Peoples, 2009 (Image: NASA)

17. What does “FPIC” stand for? Question 5 of 6 A) Free Peoples in Canada B) Free Pancakes in Church C) Free, Prior and Informed Consent D) Fairly Peeved Indigenous Canadians

18. Click here to continue Correct! The right of ‘free, prior and informed consent’ is the right of Indigenous peoples to freely make decisions about the use of their lands and the resources within them, with full knowledgeof the effects of the development,before, during and after the development takes place. FPIC has nothing to do with these. (Photo: David Benbennick)

19. True or false:The right to free, prior and informed consent means that Indigenous peoples have an automatic veto over resource extraction and development projects on their land. Question 6 of 6 True False

20. Click here to continue Correct! There is no reference to veto in the UN Declaration, and the right to free, prior and informed consent is not an automatic veto since it is a human right that exists relative to the rights of others. Rather, FPIC is… “… a means of participating on an equal footing in decisions that affect [Indigenous peoples].” - Kenneth Deer, Indigenous rights activist and former chair of the Indigenous Caucus at the United Nations

21. Indigenous Rights and Resource Extraction Around the World Click here to start Round 2

22. In the past few years, one of the Indigenous territories listed below was given self-government. The territory’s new Indigenous leader hailed this move as an implementation of the UN Declaration. Which territory was it? Question 1 of 7 A) Nunatsiavut (Newfoundland and Labrador) B) Greenland/Kalaallit Nunaat (Denmark) C) West Papua (Indonesia) D) Atlantis (Under the Sea)

23. Click here to continue Correct! “The new relationship between Denmark and Greenland … is based on a partnership, which now includes recognition of the Greenland [Inuit] people as a people under international law and thereby confirms our right to self-determination.” - Kuupik Kleist, Inuit, Prime Minister of Greenland Kuupik Kleist, Prime Minister of Greenland. (Photo: Inuit Ataqatigiit)

24. Complete the following sentence: Many large alternative energy projects, such as wind farms and biofuel plantations, are problematic for Indigenous peoples because… Question 2 of 7 A) …the projects are implemented without consulting with Indigenous peoples. B) …the projects’ possible health impacts are unknown. C) …Indigenous people are rarely employed by alternative energy companies. D) …energy companies won’t give affordable power rates to Indigenous peoples.

25. Click here to continue Correct! “We are two times victims of climate change. We’re victims of the actual impacts of climate change and victims of the ‘solutions’ to climate change.” - Naty Atz Sunc, General Coordinator of KAIROS partner CEIBA in Guatemala “These projects are not true alternatives to our dependence of fossil fuels. They are being implemented in the same way as any other resource extraction mega-project: without consultation. And the impacts are the same: displacement of Indigenous communities and threatened livelihoods.” - KAIROS, The Land, Our Life booklet Mayan activist Naty Atz Sunc. (Photo: Rachel Warden/KAIROS)

26. How many Indigenous leaders in the Philippines were killed or disappeared between 2001 and 2010? Question 3 of 7 A) None B) 8 C) 40 D) 70

27. Click here to continue Correct! According to Indigenous leader Datu Monico Cayog of the Bagobo people, about 70 Indigenous leaders were victims of targetted killings between 2001 and 2010. Former United Nations Special Rapporteur Rodolfo Stavenhagen has reported that Indigenous resistance to development projects is frequently countered by military force, including the torture and killing of community leader. Many of the Philippines projects are mining operations conducted on Indigenous territories by Canadian companies. Poster in the Philippines demanding an end to political killings. (Photo: Connie Sorio/KAIROS)

28. The Indigenous people living in the Yasuní National Park in Ecuador want to deal with the ecological impacts of oil extraction by: Question 4 of 7 A) Building containment walls around oil wells B) Leaving the oil in the ground C) Praying that the pollution will go away D) Paying a consultant to tell them what they should do

29. Click here to continue Correct! The government of Ecuador hopes to avoid drilling for oil in Yasuní National Park by raising money equal to half of what would be earned by extracting and selling the oil. The Yasuní has one of the highest rates of biodiversity in the world, and is home to Indigenous peoples that practice traditional ways of life, including Ecuador’s last two Indigenous peoples living in voluntary isolation, the Tagaeri and Taromenane. There are estimated to be 850 million barrels of crude oil in the reserves under the Yasuní. An Indigenous woman from the Yasuní speaks to the Ecuadorian government’s news outlet El Ciudadano. (Photo: Presidencia de la República del Ecuador)

30. The Spring 2010 explosion and oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico oil received huge media coverage. Yet in Nigeria, oil pours into the Niger River Delta every day without receiving any international attention.Between 1997 and 2001, how many oil spills were recorded in Nigeria? Question 5 of 7 A) 138 B) 1461 C) 2097 D) 11,157

31. Click here to continue Correct! “[To] think that we produce close to 300,000 barrels of oil per day and how much that was worth at that time and we could not get these simple things… We could not farm, we could not go fishing, our kids were always sick, elderly people were always sick… Oil has not brought us any benefits.” - Mike Karikpo, an Indigenous Ogoni from Nigeria who works with KAIROS partner Oil Watch International Men stand over soil contaminated by an oil spill in the Niger Delta. (Photo: Sosialistisk Ungdom)

32. Which of the following is the only country to have voted against the UN Declaration twice? Question 6 of 7 A) Denmark the downer B) Canada the crank C) The useless US D) Appalling Australia

33. Click here to continue Correct! Canada has voted against the UN Declaration two times: UN Human Rights Council, 2006 UN General Assembly, 2007 United Nations Headquarters in New York. (Photo: WorldIslandInfo.com)

34. What happened on November 12, 2010? Question 7 of 7 A) The Leafs were on track to win the Stanley Cup B) Céline Dion retired C) Canada quietly reversed its position and endorsed the UN Declaration D) Canada instituted a "No New Approvals" policy on tar sands development

35. Click here to continue Correct! The government endorsed the UN Declaration with some qualifications. As with the federal government’s apology to the former students of residential schools in 2008, this endorsement represents another important step towards a new relationship with First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples in Canada—a relationship that recognizes and respects their rights. Now that the important step of endorsement has been taken, the real work of implementation begins—for all of us. “Indigenous peoples in Canada should be encouraged by Canada’s endorsement even if today’s government feels threatened by it. Governments come and go but the U.N. Declaration will always be there just like we will be. We are not going anywhere and we intend to be here into the future centuries. The U.N. Declaration will help to ensure our survival and well-being into that future.” - Kenneth Deer, Mohawk Nation and a drafter of the Declaration

36. Indigenous Peoples and Land in Canada Click here to start Round 3

37. True or false:Canada has always opposed the UN Declaration. Question 1 of 7 True False

38. Click here to continue Correct! Prior to January 2006, Canada was actively involved in drafting the UN Declaration’s text, including those articles dealing with treaties, resource extraction and self-determination.

39. True or false:Canadian courts have recognized Indigenous peoples’ right to land. Question 2 of 7 True False

40. Click here to continue Correct! In 1973, the Supreme Court of Canada recognized the existence of the right of Aboriginal title. In the landmark Delgamuukw decision in 1997, the Court stated that the right of Aboriginal title is the collective right of an Indigenous people to use and occupy its traditional land. The Supreme Court of Canada building in Ottawa. (Photo: Wikipedia user NewYork1956)

41. In its final report, the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples acknowledged that, prior to colonization by Europeans, North America was not ‘terra nullius.’What does the Latin term ‘terra nullius’ mean? Question 3 of 7 A) ‘Strange land’ B) ‘Land belonging to no one ’ C) ‘Useless land’ D) ‘Dreadfully boring land’

42. Click here to continue Correct! ‘Terra nullius,’ a Latin term that means ‘land belonging to no one,’ is a legal idea that has been used to justify British colonization of North America, Australia and elsewhere, and to deny Indigenous peoples’ right to their traditional land. (Photo: Toban Black)

43. According to the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, what is at the root of all challenges facing Indigenous peoples in Canada today? Question 4 of 7 A) Unemployment B) Inadequate tax revenues collected by Indigenous governments C) Climate change D) Dispossession of their traditional lands and resources

44. Click here to continue Correct! “Stripping Aboriginal people of their land base has meant depriving them of their means to make a living, their cultural identity, and their spiritual place of worship.” - Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, 1996 Remnants of a Haida dwelling and totem poles, Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia). (Photo: Avi Dolgin)

45. In 2009, the KAIROS delegation to the Alberta tar sands visited Fort Chipewyan, a community on the Athabasca River affected by tar sands development.Which of the following is not one of the Indigenous communities present in Fort Chipewyan? Question 5 of 7 A) Lubicon Cree B) Mikisew Cree C) Métis D) Athabasca Chipewyan

46. Click here to continue Correct! The Mikisew Cree, Métis and Athabasca Chipewyan are all Indigenous communities present in Fort Chipewyan. Like the Indigenous peoples of Fort Chip, the Lubicon Cree have been dramatically affected by oil development in Northern Alberta. A member of the Mikisew Cree First Nation speaks at a rally in Edmonton against pollution in the oil sands. (Photo: Flickr user ItzaFineDay)

47. How might the UN Declaration be used to ensure Canadian Indigenous peoples’ access to their land? Question 6 of 7 A) It will encourage respect for Indigenous peoples’ treaties with the Government of Canada. B) It will provide a human rights standard for building new relationships between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples. C) It will help raise awareness and understanding of Indigenous issues. D) All of the above.

48. Click here to continue Correct! Endorsing the UN Declaration would not automatically give Indigenous peoples access to their land. Rather, the UN Declaration is a tool that can be used to reinforce Indigenous peoples’ rights to their traditional lands. The Athabasca River in Northern Alberta, flowing through the traditional land of the Athabasca Chipewyan, Chipewyan Prairie, Fort McKay, Fort McMurray, and Mikisew Cree First Nations. (Photo: Sara Stratton)

49. According to Assembly of First Nations National Chief Shawn Atleo, by endorsing the UN Declaration Canada would affirm which of the following? Question 7 of 7 A) Treaties between Indigenous peoples and the Crown B) The Kelowna Accord C) The recommendations of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples D) The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

50. Click here to continue Correct! “The UNDRIP points to a relationship based on partnership and respect. Embracing these values would not represent a new relationship. It would mean a return to our original relationship as expressed in the treaties.” - Chief Shawn A-in-chut Atleo, National Chief of the Assembly of First Nations, July 2010 “The Declaration provides a principled framework for partnership and reconciliation between states and Indigenous peoples.” - Church leaders’ letter to Canadian government ministers, June 2010 Shawn A-in-chut Atleo, National Chief of the Assembly of First Nations and a Hereditary Chief from the Ahousaht First Nation on Vancouver Island. (Photo: Assembly of First Nations)