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Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti , is a Eurasiancountry that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia. Turkey's location at the crossroads of Europe and Asia makes it a country of significant geostrategic importance.
Turks began migrating into the area now called Turkey in the 11th century. The process was greatly accelerated by the Seljuk victory over the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of Manzikert.Several small beyliks and the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm ruled Anatolia until the Mongol Empire's invasion. Starting from the 13th century, the Ottoman beylik united Anatolia and created an empire encompassing much of Southeastern Europe, Western Asia and North Africa. After the Ottoman Empire collapsed following its defeat in World War I, parts of it were occupied by the victorious Allies. A cadre of young military officers, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, organized a successful resistance to the Allies; in 1923, they would establish the modern Republic of Turkey with Atatürk as its first president. • Mustafa Kemal Atatürk • Grand National Assembly of Turkey
ECONOMY • The Turkish economy was re-modeled with the structural adjustment program, and became more Outward looking launched in the 1980s. The establishment of money and capital markets, the liberalization of exchange and interest rates and other prices have enhanced the effectiveness of monetary, fiscal and income policies. The establishment of money and capital markets, the liberalization of exchange and interest rates and other prices have enhanced the effectiveness of monetary, fiscal and income policies. Liberalized import regime, new foreign investment and export promotion policies have enabled Turkey to take its place in the global economy. Liberalized import regime, new foreign investment and export promotion policies have enabled Turkey to take its place in the global economy. In this context, steady economic growth has been accompanied by a significant change in the composition of the GNP; the share of industry, and particularly services, has marked an important increase. In this context, steady economic growth has been accompanied by a significant change in the composition of the GNP, the share of the industry, and particularly services, has marked an important "increased.
EDUCATİON • Children are obliged to take 8 years of primary education between the ages of 7 and 15. 14-18 year olds, four or more years of high school education are required in order to then progress to higher educationBy 2010 there were over 100 universities in Turkey. Except for the Open Education Faculty at Anadolu University, entrance is regulated by a national examination, ÖSS, after which high school graduates are assigned to university according to their performance. • Bosphorus University
Religion • T.C. The majority of citizens are Muslim. Though there are no exact figures on the Muslim sects, according to a 2006 survey, 82% were identified as Sunni Hanafi, 9.1% Sunni Shafi'i, and 5.7% were Alevi. • Sultan Ahmed Mosque
Trojan Horse Çanakkale Martyrdom
Assos Datça Knidos
Girl Tower Maiden
