Argentina

1. Argentina By: Shelly Cerullo John Krebs Katie May Julie Plichta Mark Swanson

2. Argentina: Population By: Julie Plichta

3. Argentina: Population • 39,537,493 people • Birth Rate v. Death Rate • General age • Areas most populated • Buenos Aires: city and region • La Plata

4. Argentina: Population PAST: • Incas • River Plate Region • Spanish/mestizo • Slaves • 1880 European boom

5. Argentina: Population • Current Population Make up: • British in Buenos Aires • Italians • Urban • Rural

6. Religion in Argentina By: Katie May

7. Why so many Catholics? • 92% Roman Catholic • Religious affiliation of conquistadors • Maintained until 1853 and supported after • Perón years attacked Catholicism • Aftermath Catholicism in favorable light

8. Why are so few practicing? • Old groups with a new voice • Changing politics but unchanging allies • Church no longer as a “watchdog” • Immigration to cities • Church low on human and material resources • Church must speak with a basis in religious reasons

9. Why Evangelicalism? • Conquistadors pre-Tridentine Christianity • Modern world connections and increase in updates brings new understandings of Catholicism • Comparative wealth of Evangelical religions to Catholic

10. Work/Economy By: John Krebs

11. Argentina’s Economy • Very Unstable • GDP Purchasing Power $537.2 billion (22nd highest country) • Currently experiencing GDP growth around 8% in 2005 • GDP per capita $13,600 (68th highest) • Double-digit inflation • Ranked 116th on Index of Economic Freedom

12. Argentina’s Economy • 11.1% Unemployment rate (Sept. 2005) • Population below poverty line 25.5% (1991) • Population below poverty line 38.5% (2005) • Public Debt 69.7% of GDP • External Debt $118 billion

13. Argentina’s Economy • Defaulted on $88 billion in bonds in 2001 • Negative 0.8% growth GDP in 2000 • Negative 10.9% growth GDP in Jan. 2002 • Growth stabilized later in the year • Now offering bondholders 25 cents on the dollar

14. Argentina’s Economy • Major Industries - food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel • Major Agricultural Products - sunflower seeds, lemons, soybeans, grapes, corn, tobacco, peanuts, tea, wheat; livestock • Major Trade Partners – Brazil, U.S., Chile, China, Germany, Spain • Current Account Surplus $1.908 billion

15. National/Popular Culture By: Shelly Cerullo

16. Popular Culture: The Tango • Began in Buenos Aires • Developed from a mix of 3 dances • Polka • Habanera (which blended to form the milonga) • Candombe • Began in brothels, but soon caught on in the upper class • Tangomania swept the globe • Still provides a common, unifying bond for the multi-cultural residents of Argentina

17. National Culture: Resistance Literature • Written in response to the dictator regimes of 1976-1983 • Extreme censorship of all new ideas • Anyone who spoke out against the terror was put in prison or killed • Help to form a new Argentinean identity • Purposes in writing • Advocate a change in the military structure • Democratization of the country • Reveal the truth of what occurred during that time

18. Customs By: Katie May

19. Outlook on the United States • Falkland Islands • Monroe Doctrine • American investments (or lack thereof) • Role of Argentina in South America without interference

20. Effect of Great Britain • Investments • Palabra Inglés- the word of honor

21. The Macho Image BEFORE • Juxtaposition of poor rural with urban • Shortage of women AFTER • Equality of men and women • New openness about sex

22. Sex Education in Schools • Catholic Church says “no” • Sarmiento 1864- revitalized education • 1918 Socialists and Communists • Lacking presence today

23. Food/Material Life By: Shelly Cerullo

24. Food Culture: Wine • Only country in Western Hemisphere where wine is the drink of the common people • Due to the death of native population and the climate of Argentina • Death of native population • Many died in post-Columbian encounter • Caused the immigrant population’s culture to become that much more influential • Climate of Argentina • Ideal for growing grapes • Closest to the Mediterranean climate of the immigrants

25. Food Culture: Beef • Much of the Argentinean diet comprised of beef • Due to the settling of the Pampas region and the influence of the immigrant culture • Influence of immigrant culture • Natives died in post-Columbian exchange • Caused immigrant culture to become more prevalent • Settling of Pampas region • Land ideal for raising cattle

26. Language By: Julie Plichta

27. Argentina: Language HOW MANY? • 1 official language= Spanish • Native language • English • Italian

28. Argentina: Language • Argentine-Spanish = Italian influence • Words • Pronunciation - “y” or “ll” Spanish v. Argentine-Spanish

29. Government/Social Order By: John Krebs

30. Gov’t/Social Order • Federal Republic • Constitution • Based on American and Western European legal systems • 23 provinces and 1 autonomous city

31. Gov’t/Social Order • Constitution – much greater social powers to government • Guaranteed citizens “dignified and equitable working conditions, limited working hours, paid rest and vacations, fair remuneration, minimum and vital adjustable wage, equal pay for equal work, participation in the profits of the enterprises • Also established compulsory Social Security • Provided retirement and pensions, full family protection, protection of homestead, family allowances and access to a worthy housing

32. Gov’t/Social Order • 3 branches of government • 1. Executive- President, V. Pres., Cabinet • 2. Legislative- bicameral with a Senate and Chamber of Deputies • 3. Judicial- 9 Supreme Court judges appointed by president

33. Gov’t/Social Order • After WWII a period of authoritarian rule existed • Normal order returned in 1983 though has been challenged • Economic crises in 2001-2002 led to violent public protests and many presidents • Similar Central bank to the Fed that controls monetary policy

34. Questions