850 likes | 1.27k Views
Intro to the Circulatory System. Question of the Day: Do all animals have a circulatory system? Give support for your answer. Aquatic Organisms Without a Circulatory System. Goals for the Day.
E N D
Question of the Day:Do all animals have a circulatory system? Give support for your answer.
Goals for the Day • List the two types of circulatory systems, how they function, and examples of organisms that have each type of system. • Describe the hearts of different vertebrates including the number of chambers and the pathways of the blood.
Review from Friday Circulatory Systems may be: Open Closed or Examples: Examples: • Arthropods • Most Molluscs • Annelids • Some Molluscs • All Vertebrate Animals
Circulatory Systems may be: Open Closed or Differences: • Hemolymph vs. Blood • Colorless vs. red • No O2 vs. O2 carriers
Vertebrate Hearts may contain? (chambers) 2 3 4 Examples: Examples: Examples: • Fish • Amphibians • MOST reptiles • Alligators/Crocodiles • Birds • Mammals
2 chambered Heart • One circuit (single loop) pathway through the body • Advantage: gills receive O2 –poor blood, capillaries of the body (systemic capillaries) receive O2 rich blood. • Disadvantage: after leaving gills, the blood has lower pressure
3 chambered heart • Adaptation for life on land • 2 atria and a 1 ventricle • O2 poor blood is delivered to the lungs, and in some cases the skin for O2 recharging.
4 Chambered Hearts • Heart divided into left and right halves. • Advantage: Provides adequate pressure for both circuits (Pulmonary & Systemic)
The Human Heart has 4 Chambers Two of Which are: Two of Which are: Atria Sing., Atrium Ventricles Whose Job is to: Whose Job is to: Pump Blood away from the heart Receive blood from circulation
The three types of blood vessels in the cardiovascular (Gk. kardia, heart; L. vascular, vessel) system are • Veins (L. vena, blood vessel) • Arteries • Capillaries (L. capillus, hair)
Goals for the Day • Be able to list the components of the blood and the rough percentages of each component • Be able to label the major structures of the human heart.
Question of the Day • What is the major difference between a 2 chambered and a 3 or 4 chambered heart? • List animals that have each type of heart.
Plasma is composed of • Water 90-92% • Proteins 7-8% • Gases • Salts • Nutrients • Other (Hormones)
Goals for the Day • Be able to label the major structures of the human heart.
Question of the Day • What are the major components of the blood? For each component list its characteristics.
Goal for the Day:Learn the similarities and differences between the respiratory system of humans and other organisms
Question of the Day: Do all animals have lungs or gills? What has to be true about animals that lack these?
Do all animals have either lungs or gills? Question of the Day: What would have to be true of an organism that lacked these structures?
Requirements of all respiratory systems The Lining must be: Moist & Thin • In order for gas to move across a membrane there has to be a liquid for diffusion.
Requirements of all respiratory systems Must Have a High: Surface area to Volume Ratio
Requirements of all respiratory systems Must Extract: Oxygen Must Release: Carbon Dioxide
Requirements of all respiratory systems Must Extract: Oxygen Must Release: Carbon Dioxide • What are the 3 “major” components of air • Nitrogen • Oxygen • Argon • Carbon Dioxide
Respiratory surfaces include: aquatics In worms Skin Gills or Exceptions: Exceptions: • Aquatic Mammals • Organisms with no lungs or gills (high SA/V, and thin bodies) • Some Aquatic worms
Respiratory surfaces include: aquatics In worms Skin Gills or Exceptions: Exceptions: • Aquatic Mammals • Organisms with no lungs or gills (high SA/V, and thin bodies) • Some Aquatic worms
Respiratory surfaces include: In terrestrial Vertebrates In Insects & terrestrial arthropods Lungs or Tracheae Through spiracles Exceptions: • Amphibians (which also breath through their skin, thanks to the amazing properties of water!) • Does an insect have a closed or open circulatory system? • What do we know about its function then?
Human respiratory System Pathway 2 parts to cycle: Air Enters through 2 4 3 Air Pathway: • Amphibians • MOST reptiles Muscles Needed:
Oxygen is carried by Which contain Which Cells Hemoglobin RBCs Which contains the metal ion: Fe
Carbon Dioxide is carried by Dissolved in the: Mainly as the ___ ion Plasma Bicarbonate (HCO3)