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CHAPTER 9

CHAPTER 9. CENTER OF GRAVITY and CENTROID. OBJECTIVES. Concept of the center of gravity, center of mass, and the centroid. Determine the location of the center of gravity and centroid for a system of discrete particles and a body of arbitrary shape. CHAPTER OUTLINE. Center of gravity.

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CHAPTER 9

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  1. CHAPTER 9 CENTER OF GRAVITY and CENTROID

  2. OBJECTIVES Concept of the center of gravity, center of mass, and the centroid. Determine the location of the center of gravity and centroid for a system of discrete particles and a body of arbitrary shape.

  3. CHAPTER OUTLINE Center of gravity. Centroid for area and lines. Composites bodies (plates and wires). Theorem of Pappus and Guldinus.

  4. Locates the resultant weight of a system of particles Consider system of n particles fixed within a region of space The weights of the particles can be replaced by a single (equivalent) resultant weight having defined point G of application Center of Gravity

  5. Resultant weight = total weight of n particles • Sum of moments of weights of all the particles about x, y, z axes = moment of resultant weight about these axes • Summing moments about the x axis, • Summing moments about y axis,

  6. Although the weights do not produce a moment about z axis, by rotating the coordinate system 90° about x or y axis with the particles fixed in it and summing moments about the x axis, • Generally,

  7. For centroid for surface area of an object, such as plate and shell, subdivide the area into differential elements dA Centroid of Area

  8. Example 1:

  9. If the geometry of the object takes the form of a line, the balance of moments of differential elements dL about each of the coordinate system yields Centroid of Lines

  10. How to locate ‘center of gravity’? • Formulas used to locate the center of gravity or the centroid simply represent a balance between the sum of the moments of all the system and the moment of the “resultant” for the system • In some cases the centroid is located at a point that is not on the object • Ring-the centroid is at its center

  11. Example 1: Locate the centroid of the rod bent into the shape of a parabolic arc.

  12. Differential element Located on the curve at the arbitrary point (x, y). Area and Moment Arms For differential length of the element dL: Since x = y2 and then dx/dy = 2y The centroid is located at,

  13. Integrations

  14. Composites Bodies • Consists of a series of connected “simpler” shaped bodies, which may be rectangular, triangular or semicircular • A body can be sectioned or divided into its composite parts

  15. Step for Analysis • Composite Parts • Divide the body or object into a finite number of composite parts that have simpler shapes • Treat the hole in composite as an additional composite part having negative weight or size • Moment Arms • Establish the coordinate axes and determine the coordinates of the center of gravity or centroid of each part • Summations • Determine the coordinates of the center of gravity by applying the center of gravity equations • If an object is symmetrical about an axis, the centroid of the objects lies on the axis

  16. Example 2: Locate the centroid of the plate area shown.

  17. Composite Parts Plate divided into 3 segments. Area of small rectangle considered “negative”.

  18. 2) Moment Arm Location of the centroid for each piece is determined and indicated in the diagram.

  19. 3) Summations

  20. Theorem of Pappus and Guldinus • A surface area of revolution is generated by revolving a plane curve about a non-intersecting fixed axis in the plane of the curve • A volume of revolution is generated by revolving a plane area bout a nonintersecting fixed axis in the plane of area • The theorems of Pappus and Guldinus are used to find the surfaces area and volume of any object of revolution provided the generating curves and areas do not cross the axis they are rotated

  21. Surface of revolution is generated by rotating a plane curve about a fixed axis.

  22. Surface Area • Area of a surface of revolution = product of length of the curve and distance traveled by the centroid in generating the surface area

  23. Surface area The amount of water that can be stored in this water tank Surface area The amount of roofing material used on this storage building (surface area)

  24. Volume • Volume of a body of revolution = product of generating area and distance traveled by the centroid in generating the volume

  25. Surface Area Volume

  26. Show that the surface area of sphere is A=4pR2 and its volume is V = 4/3 pR3

  27. Example Locate the centroid ȳ of the plate area shown. Each segment has a thickness of 10mm.

  28. Assignment = Submit 11/08/17 9.61: Locate the centroid x, ȳ of the plate area shown.

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