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Allens First Aid Training

2. Welcome to your CPR Refresher. IntroductionsHousekeepingGeneral Information ExamPractical DemonstrationCourse EvaluationQuestions. 3. Course Format . Conscious CasualtyUnconscious CasualtyCPRInfection ControlCall an Ambulance. . 4. First Aid Protocol. Assess the scene

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Allens First Aid Training

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    1. 1 Allens First Aid Training Course designation… HLTCPR201A Perform CPR

    2. 2

    3. 3 Course Format Conscious Casualty Unconscious Casualty CPR Infection Control Call an Ambulance

    4. 4 First Aid Protocol Assess the scene… Assess the casualty… Assess what to do next… “Triple A Protocol”

    5. 5 IDENTIFY THE HAZARD

    6. 6 ASSESS THE SCENE Protect yourself and others from dangers Protect yourself with equipment and gloves Protect the casualty from further danger Protect the casualty from further injury Phone the Ambulance on 000 (112 Mobile phones)

    7. 7 DANGERS Traffic Unstable environment Fire or explosion Burns Chemical fumes Electrocution Needle stick injury Back injuries Equipment failure Biological Aggressive behaviour Body fluids especially blood Aggressive dog?

    8. 8 INFECTION CONTROL In every first aid situation, you must assume that the injured casualty has a disease. Before First Aid: Wash your hands Use Gloves Use a Resuscitation Mask During First Aid: Ensure gloves are worn and not torn Consider double gloving If you come in contact with body fluids, wash immediately and seek medical advice SIGNS & SYMPTOMS: Nausea or vomiting Fever Headache Drowsiness Stiff or sore neck Rash Light sensitivitySIGNS & SYMPTOMS: Nausea or vomiting Fever Headache Drowsiness Stiff or sore neck Rash Light sensitivity

    9. 9 Assess the Casualty- are they alive ? Is the casualty responding ? Is the casualty breathing normally ? Is the casualty moving ? Are there signs of life ? Introduce yourself to the person. Start by asking a few questions: ASK THE PERSON NOT TO MOVE THEIR HEAD OR NECK Do you have any pain in your neck ? Do you have any pain in your head ? Do you have any pain in your arms ? Do you have any pain in your legs ? Are you having problems breathing ?Introduce yourself to the person. Start by asking a few questions: ASK THE PERSON NOT TO MOVE THEIR HEAD OR NECK Do you have any pain in your neck ? Do you have any pain in your head ? Do you have any pain in your arms ? Do you have any pain in your legs ? Are you having problems breathing ?

    10. 10 ASSESS WHAT TO DO NEXT Commence treatment. Don’t move the patient unless they’re in danger or you must move them to provide treatment. Arrange transportation to hospital. Provide confidence and reassurance. Build teamwork and avoid panic.

    11. 11 The Conscious and Unconscious Casualty NORMAL PULSE RATES: 72 AVERAGE ADULTS 80 AVERAGE OLDER CHILD 9-14 YEARS OF AGE 90 AVERAGE YOUNGER CHILD 1-8 YEARS OF AGE 120 AVERAGE INFANT LESS THAN 1 YEAR OF AGENORMAL PULSE RATES: 72 AVERAGE ADULTS 80 AVERAGE OLDER CHILD 9-14 YEARS OF AGE 90 AVERAGE YOUNGER CHILD 1-8 YEARS OF AGE 120 AVERAGE INFANT LESS THAN 1 YEAR OF AGE

    12. 12 The Conscious Casualty What does the term ‘conscious’ mean ? Conscious means a person is in their normal state of mind. Generally this is like you are now, able to communicate and aware of your surroundings. In certain circumstances i.e. people with medical conditions and/or disabilities you may need to ask if there behavior is ‘normal’.

    13. 13 Consciousness How do we determine the consciousness of a patient? C – can you hear me? O – open your eyes. W – what’s your name? S – squeeze my hand

    14. 14 The Unconscious casualty ‘Unconscious casualty’, means there is no response from the casualty to your communications with the casualty There are many causes of unconsciousness. Can you give me some examples?

    15. 15 Causes of Unconsciousness Alcohol (intoxication) Epilepsy (fitting/convulsions) Insulin (Diabetes) Overdose/Under dose (illicit and prescription drugs) Uraemia (renal failure is difficult to diagnose) Trauma (Shock) Infection Psychiatric / Pretending Stroke (CVA Cerebrovascular Accident / TIA Transient Ischemic Attack )

    16. 16 Treating the Unconscious Casualty Unless CPR is to be performed, all unconscious, breathing casualties must be placed in the ‘recovery’ or ‘stable side’ position. Preferably on their left side. Let’s have a practice ?

    17. 17 Examining the conscious and unconscious casualty All casualties require a head to toes examination. When examining a conscious or an unconscious casualty, use different methods. (gain permission from the conscious casualty and preserve the dignity of the unconscious casualty) After completing the Triple A protocol complete a full body check prior to treating injuries (besides life threatening haemorrhage) Always use gloves when completing an examination or treating any casualty.

    18. 18 Examining the conscious and unconscious casualty Once a head to toes examination has been completed, complete a secondary survey. Look for symptoms such as cold clammy skin, skin colour, heart rate. Look at the history of the situation…where the casualty is lying, ask witnesses what happened.

    19. 19 Examining the conscious and unconscious casualty Does the casualty take any medication? Does the casualty have any allergies? When was their last meal?

    20. 20 Examining the conscious and unconscious casualty It is important that throughout first aid treatment that the first aider monitors and records the casualties breathing, skin condition and level of consciousness. This should be done every 10 to 15 minutes. This information could prove invaluable to ambulance and paramedic staff on their arrival.

    21. 21 Resuscitation

    22. 22 Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation CPR is a technique involving rescue breathing and the compression of the heart (through external cardiac compression) ECC, therefore pumping oxygenated blood around the body. CPR when performed correctly, can preserve brain functions until medical help arrives. CPR is used for a person who has suffered a cardiac arrest

    23. 23 Causes of Cardiac Arrest Heart condition Near Drowning Electrocution Trauma Blockage of coronary arteries Drug overdose

    24. 24 Basic Life Support Chart

    25. 25 CPR TECHNIQUE 2 Breaths followed by 30 Compressions. When performing CPR on a child, use only the air in your mouth.

    26. 26 Breathing Five ways to perform Rescue Breathing… Mouth to mouth resuscitation Mouth to nose resuscitation Mouth to mouth and nose resuscitation Mouth to stoma resuscitation Mouth to mask resuscitation

    27. 27 Compressions Find the compression point by placing your hands in the centre of the chest. (lower half of the sternum) In infants the 2 finger technique should be used for compressions In children and adults the rescuer should use the heel of their hand while placing the other hand securely over the top of the first. The compressions should equate to 1/3 of the chest depth. (approx 4 to 5cm on an average adult) The rate of compressions should be approximately 100 compressions per minute for all ages.

    28. 28 VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION (VF) Sudden cardiac arrest can occur any time and without warning. Though the average age of these victims is 65, some are in their 30’s or 40’s. Most victims experience an abnormal heart rhythm called ventricular fibrillation (VF). When the heart is in this state, it cannot beat in an organized fashion; the heart is unable to pump blood to the body. Sudden cardiac death can occur in minutes unless you act quickly.

    29. 29 DEFIBRILLATION

    30. 30 AED What is an AED? The automated external defibrillator (AED) is a computerized medical device. It will check a person’s heart rhythm. It will recognize a rhythm that requires a shock. And it will advise the rescuer when a shock is needed. The AED uses voice prompts, lights, and text messages to tell the rescuer the steps to take.

    31. 31 HOW DOES IT WORK The AED can diagnose and restore a normal heart rhythm to victims of sudden cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation (VF). In the unconscious victim, adhesive pads are placed on the chest by trained individuals to deliver an electrical shock. This shock (or series of shocks) is called defibrillation, and it briefly stops all of the heart’s electrical activity so the heart can resume normal beating on its own.

    32. 32 DEFIBRILLATION Remember…EVERY MINUTE COUNTS ? If defibrillation occurs in the first one or two minutes, 90% of sudden cardiac arrest victims in VF survive. ? If defibrillation is delayed for more than ten minutes, the survival rate drops to 5% for sudden cardiac arrest victims in VF.

    33. 33 CPR TECHNIQUE Let’s practice CPR ? Remember…2 breaths & 30 compressions 100 compressions per min

    34. 34 Debriefing As soon as possible after an emergency situation, document what had taken place. A diary note, write on the back of a time sheet if at work. It doesn’t matter what you write on. This will help you put the events into perspective and if asked, may help paramedics with the continued care of the casualty.

    35. 35 Written Assessment Students to complete the theory assessment All criteria on the theory assessment must be achieved before you can be deemed competent. Please ensure all assessments and administration paperwork is handed back to the Trainer before leaving. THANK YOU

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