Basic Characteristics of People

1. Basic Characteristics of People • Definitions and sources • Ways of looking at personality • MBTI • Big 5 • Locus of control • Machiavellianism • Self-esteem and self-efficacy • Risk taking

2. Relatively Stable Felt vs. Displayed Definitions • Personality: “The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others” • Afffect: “A broad range of feelings that people experience” • Emotion: “Intense feelings that are directed at someone or something” • Moods: “Feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions”

3. Known to Self? Yes No Open Self Blind Self Yes Known to Others? HiddenSelf Unknown Self No Can We Assess Our Own Personality ? Johari Window

4. Interaction of all 3 Factors Personality: Where From? • Heredity • Environment • Situation

5. Heredity Environment Personality Situation From Personality to Behavior Behavior

6. What is the MBTI ? • A personality inventory that assesses normal psychological functioning • A tool to help people in organizations: • The MBTI measures 4 scales:

7. Basic Principles • Individuals possess unique and different styles for the way they are energized, prefer to perceive their environments, make decisions, and how they live their lives • These different styles can be categorized into 16 basic styles or psychological types • Each type represents a set of strengths and weaknesses (situationally defined) • Each type needs its opposite

8. Extraversion and Introversion

9. Extroverts in General • Are interested in the world of other people and events • Like to influence others and are easily influenced • Are joiners — enjoy lots of activity and noise — go along with the crowd • Are concerned about the image they project to others — others' judgments are important.

10. Extroverts at Work • Like variety and action — they are impatient with long, slow jobs • Act quickly, sometimes without thinking • Find phone calls a welcome distraction • Develop ideas by discussion.

11. Extroverts and Communications • Prefer face-to-face communications • Seek opportunities to communicate in groups • Communicate energy and enthusiasm — quickly, without long pauses to think • Focus of talk is on people and things in the external environment • In meetings, like talking before moving to conclusions.

12. Extroverts - Recap • Do — think — do • Blurt it out • External • Involved with people and things • Outside thrust • Interaction and action

13. Introverts in General • Are interested in what is happening inside their head — understanding their inner world of thoughts, ideas, and reflections • Often feel lost and lonely in large crowds • Don't trust others and are inhibited around most people • Are not easily influenced by other people.

14. Introverts at Work • Like to work alone, to work with ideas, and will work well on one project for long periods of time • Don't like to be interrupted when working and when working, find phone calls intrusive • Like quiet so they can concentrate • Like to think before acting; sometimes,don't act • Develop ideas by reflection.

15. Introverts and Communications • Prefer written over face-to-face communication • Keep energy and enthusiasm inside — hard to read • Think before responding and need to be drawn out • Seek opportunities to communicate one-on-one • In meetings, verbalize well thought out ideas.

16. Introverts - Recap • Think - do - think • Internal • Keep it in • Depth • Work with ideas and thoughts • Concentration, reflection

17. Sensing and INtuition

18. Sensing in General • Take in information by using their five senses • Are mostly concerned with the present • Are interested in practical matters • Don't trust hunches.

19. Sensing at Work • Seldom make errors of fact • Work steadily • Like things to be orderly, precise and clear • Like using experience, developed skills, and standard ways to solve problems • May distrust and ignore their inspirations • Like to present details of their work first • Prefer continuation of "what is", with fine tuning.

20. Sensing and Communications • Like evidence, facts, details presented first • Want to see practical realistic applications • Use orderly, step-by-step approach in presentations • In meetings, follow the agenda.

21. Sensing - Recap • The five senses • Practical • Present-oriented • Fact, detail oriented • Uses established skills • Utility, step-by-step

22. Intuitives in General • Take in information through a "sixth sense" • Are interested in the possibilities, in what "might be" • Are always looking ahead to the next idea • Often come up with hunches "out of the blue" and easily follow their hunches — good or bad.

23. Intuitives at Work • Like solving new and complex problems • Like to do things with an innovative bent • Often make errors of fact and are impatient with details • Prefer change — sometimes radical — to continuation of "what is" • Enjoy learning a new skill more than using it.

24. Intuitives and Communications • Global schemes, with broad issues presented first • Want possible future challenges discussed first • Rely on insights and imagination to provoke discussion • Like suggestions to be novel and unusual • Bypass agenda in meetings • Refer to general concepts.

25. Intuitives - Recap • “Sixth sense” • What “could be” • Theoretical • Novelty • Insights • Leap around

26. Thinking and Feeling

27. Thinking in General • Make decisions in a logical, fact-driven way • Often hurt people's feelings without knowing it • Organize and structure information to help in decisions.

28. Thinking At Work • Find it easy to be firm-minded and give necessary criticism • Can work in situations where people do not get along well • Like logical analysis to reach conclusions • Decide impersonally, without sufficient attention to people's wishes • Look at principles involved in a situation.

29. Thinking and Communications • Like to be brief and concise when they talk to others • Are persuaded by cool, impersonal reasoning • Wants pros and cons of each alternative to be listed • Can be intellectually critical and objective • Present goals and objectives first • In a meeting, seek involvement with tasks.

30. Thinking - Recap • Head, not heart • Logical • Objective • Justice • Critique • Reason • Principles • Firm, but fair

31. Feeling in General • Make decisions in a personal, value-driven way • Heart over head • Concern for others.

32. Feeling at Work • Work best in situations where people get along well • Avoid telling people unpleasant things • Enjoy pleasing people, even in unimportant things • Let decisions be influenced by own and others' likes and dislikes • Look at underlying values in a situation.

33. Feeling and Communication • Are sympathetic • Like to be sociable and friendly when they talk to others • Are persuaded by enthusiasm and personal information • Present points of agreement first • In meetings, seek involvement with people • Can be interpersonally appreciative.

34. Feeling - Recap • Heart, not head • Values oriented • Subjective • Mercy • Compliment • Empathy • Harmony • Compassionate

35. Judging and Perceptive

36. Judging in General • Like to have a planned and organized life • Like to plan their work and work the plan • Like to get things settled and finished • Make decisions quickly

37. Judging at Work • Set tight deadlines • Don't like surprises; like planned activities • Seek structure and schedules • Tend to be satisfied once they reach a decision on a thing, situation, or person • May not notice new things that need to be done • Sometimes resistant to change

38. Judging and Communications • State priorities and decisions clearly • Talk of purpose and direction, schedules and timetables • In meetings, focus on task at hand • Want advance warning

39. Judging - Recap • Planful • Regulated • Control • Settled • Run one's life • Set goals • Decisive • Organized

40. Perceptive in General • Like to live a spontaneous and flexible life • Feel closed-in by routines and schedules • Adapt well to change.

41. Perceptive at Work • Like to leave things hanging in case last minute changes are needed • Often second guess their decisions • Postpone making decisions and unpleasant tasks that need doing • Enjoy flexibility in their work • Tend to be curious and welcome new light on a thing, situation, or person • Feel restricted without change.

42. Perceptive and Communications • Will discuss schedules, but uncomfortable with tight deadlines • Enjoy surprises and adapting to last minute change • Expect others to adapt to situational requirements • Communicate options and opportunities • Talk of customizing and flexibility • In meetings, focus on the process to be appreciated.

43. Perceptive - Recap • Spontaneous • Go with the flow • Adapt • Gather information • Let life happen • Flexible • Tentative • Open

44. This Semester

45. More This Semester

46. Problem SolvingUsing Type Preferences Sensing and Intuition Thinking and Feeling

47. SENSING (facts) INTUITION (possibilities) THINKING (consequences) FEELING (impact on people) Problem Solving Model

48. Sensing and Intuition • Sensing • What are the facts? • What exactly is the situation? • What has been done? • What am I and others doing? • How would an outsider look at this situation? • Intuition • What are the possibilities? • What other ways are there for solving this problem? • What do the data imply? • What are the implications beyond the facts? • What is this problem analogous to?

49. Thinking and Feeling • Thinking • What are the pros and cons of each possibility? • What are the logical consequences of each possibility? • What is the cost of each? • What are the pleasant and unpleasant outcomes of each? • What is the consequence of not acting? • Feeling • How much do I care about what I gain or lose in each alternative? • What are the values involved for each possibility? • How will the people concerned react to the outcome? • Who is committed to carry out the solution? • Will the outcome contribute to individual or group harmony?

50. More Implications of Type • Communications • Time management • Work style