SECURITY AND DEFENCE R&D POLICY – PROBLEMS AND ATERNATIVES

1. SECURITY AND DEFENCE R&D POLICY – PROBLEMS AND ATERNATIVES Prof. D-r Tilcho Ivanov

2. Content • What is S&D R&D Policy and Politics? • Starting point and Current status • Split of Problems • Causes • Opportunity frame • Thesis • Goals and Objectives, Indicators and Effects • R&D Policy alternatives • Programming • Resources

3. What is S&D R&D Policy and Politics • Security and Defence R&D Policy is course of action or prospective program, including goals, and way of their achievement • Policy is a product of two basic politics – Security and Defence Politics (S&D) and R&D Politics. It is a result of intersection of their basic political courses. • R&D Politics – is a policymaking process, which is closely related to the R&T and Economic and Industrial Policy • S&D R&D Policy and Politics are product of national intellect and culture, which are too rigid

4. Starting Point and Current status • Inherited State Centralized R&D Management • Underdevelopment and Limited Government R&D Expenditures - 0.51% GDP (Two times decrease in 1998) • Low Innovative Private Defence Companies without government orders, and 7-8 times output decrease • State Production and Export Control • Decrease in R&T, financed by companies • Limited R&D capabilities in Academy and Universities, financed by Government; • Product and Technology Gap and Decrease • Isolation from Leading R&D and R&T Centers

5. Split of Problems • Not Clear Government R&D and R&T Policy, and Strategy (Goals and Priorities) • Not Initiated Government and S&D Sector Programs • Lack of Corporate Strategic Vision, R&D Budget and Limited Private Resources • Social Constraints for Increase of Resources • Lack of Innovative Companies • Limited R&D University Capabilities • Low salaries, Brain Drain and Shortage of Researchers and Infrastructure • Not Efficient Measurement of R&D and R&T Output

6. Causes • Limited not Attractive R&D and R&T Market • Not Declared Government and Private Companies S&D R&D Policy • Not Efficient Strategy and Priorities, and not Controlled Results • Without Coherent Defence Industry Development Process and Structure Options • Not Professional R&D and R&T Management • Without Implementation of a Strategic Capability Planning Process (SCP) and no Mechanism, through which all R&D are coherent to Capability Development and Security and Defence Sector Transformation

7. Opportunity frame • NATO Science for Peace Program and Concept Development and Experimentation (CDE) NATO Process and Program • European Charter for Researchers and a Code of Conduct for the Recruitment of Researchers • EU R&D (with Security Division) Program, Framework for a European Defence R&T Strategy and European Security Research and Innovation Forum (ESRIF) • Bilateral Programs in EU Research Space • Existing Minimal Basic Capabilities and Administration (National Funds) and Tendency for Slow Increase (Scientific Research Fund have increased from 7.5 mil (2007) to 30 mil (2008), and shifting of Doctoral students salaries from 125 to 225 euro) • National Offset Programs and R&D Support • NGO R&D Funds and Programs

8. Thesis • The R&D Expenditures are not a Budget Burden, but Productive and Security Factor • The Key Principle of New R&D Policy has to be its consistency to the Security and Defence Sector Transformation and Capability Planning Process • The R&T Policy has to fallow Government R&D Policy and Market Tendencies • The National Security Strategy has to Declare Strategic Goals, Basic R&D Programs, and their Result Indicators • Coordinative Body is needed for Prioritization of R&D and R&T activities • Export Orientation and Narrow Specialization for not Article 5 Operations • Internationalization, Co-operation, and PPP with R&D participation • Academia and University Involvement

9. Package of Programs • Basic Security and Defence R&D Program • Human Rights and Legislation Subprogram • Judiciary Subprogram • Defence R&D Subprogram • Internal Security Subprogram • Intelligence Services Subprogram • Emergency R&D Subprogram

10. Policy Goals and Objectives, Indicators and Effects • Joining to European Knowledge Economy, and Research Space • New National S&D R&D Legislation, and Deregulation of Scientific Degrees and Ranks • Narrow Specialization in the Areas with Relative Productive Advantages • Binding the Policy to the Strategic Capability Planning Process (SCPP) • Implementation of SCPP and Capability Indicators for not Article 5 Operations • Balances Scored Cards for Strategic Control • Increase of Gov and Private Resources

11. S&D R&D Policy Incremental Improvements • Legislative Development and R&D Strategy • Active Internationalization • Diversification of the “Funders” to Public and Private Research Institutions • Company Engagement to 2% from GDP for R&D • Productive Capability Analysis and Technological Transfers Incentives • Academia and University Involvement • High Tech Free of Profit Taxation • Brain Gain and Yang Researcher Attraction and Recruitment • Scientific Network Development • R&D Management Concept and Model • R&D Scientific Network and Information Base

12. Resources • Increasing the Government R&D to 1.00% from GDP (2010) • Government Security and Defence R&D – 0.2% GDP • Increase Private R&T to 2% from GDP (?) • Increase of Defence Industry R&T to 5% from Output • Development of the Security Focused Education into Civil Universities • Double Number of S&D Yang Scientist, with Triple Salaries, and Quadruple Results

13. Thank you! • Questions?