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Stroke

Stroke. Definition. C erebrovascular accident (CVA) The rapidly developing loss of brain functions due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain . Classification. Ischemic stroke (cerebral infarction) decreased blood supply to some part of the brain Trombosis Embolism

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Stroke

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  1. Stroke

  2. Definition Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) The rapidly developing loss of brain functions due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain

  3. Classification • Ischemic stroke (cerebral infarction) decreased blood supply to some part of the brain • Trombosis • Embolism • Systemic hypoperfusion (shock...) • Haemorrhagic stroke (hemorrhage) accumulation of the blood inside of some part of the brain or inside the skull but outside the brain • High blood pressure • Aneurysm

  4. Risk factors • hypertension (hemorrhagic stroke) • atrial fibrillation (embolic stroke) • high cholesterol level (trombotic stroke) • cigarette smoking (trombotic stroke) • obesity • family history of stroke • diabetes • endocarditis (embolic stroke) • atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease (trombotic stroke) • hypoxemia (systemic hypoperfusion) • sickle cell anemia (trombotic stroke) • cocaine use (hemorrhagic stroke) • fractura (embolic stroke)

  5. Signs and symptoms Warning Signs Prior Stroke TIA (transient ischemic attack)- mini stroke - change in the blood supply to a particular part of the brain for less than 24 hours (more than 24 hours = stroke) • Sudden numbness or weakness of face, arm or leg, especially on one side of body • Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding • Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes • Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination • Sudden severe headache with no known cause - 1/3 of people who have a TIA will have a stroke later Headache

  6. Symptoms spinothalamic tract, corticospinal tract, dorsal column • hemiplegia and muscle weakness of the face • numbness • reduction in sensory or vibratory sensation brainstem • altered smell, taste, hearing, or vision (total or partial) • drooping of eyelid (ptosis) and weakness of ocilar muscles • decreased reflexes: swallow, pupil reactivity to light • decreased sensation and muscle weakness of the face • balance problems and nystagmus • altered breathing and heart rate • weakness in sternocleidomastoid muscle with inability to turn head to one side • weakness in tongue (inability to protrude and/or move from side to side) cerebral cortex • aphasia (inability to speak or understand language) • apraxia (altered voluntary movements) • visual field defect • memory deficits • disorganized thinking, confusion cerebellum • trouble walking • altered movement coordination • vertigo and/or disequilibrium

  7. Act FAST Face: Does one side drop? Arms: Dies one arm drift downward? Speech: Are the words slurred? Time: In any answer is yes, time is critical

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