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Abbreviations and Symbols. Pat Moran Michael Rengers Professor Green English 102.027. Cm, mph,p.m . ∏@ Ωπ $%&. Abbreviate Familiar T itles . Examples: Mr. Mrs. Dr. Jr. Sr. PhD When the abbreviation follows a name. A comma goes between the name and the abbreviation.
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Abbreviations and Symbols Pat Moran Michael Rengers Professor Green English 102.027 Cm, mph,p.m. ∏@Ωπ$%&
Abbreviate Familiar Titles. • Examples: Mr. Mrs. Dr. Jr. Sr. PhD • When the abbreviation follows a name. A comma goes between the name and the abbreviation. • Example: Robert Robinson, Jr. Elaine Less, LL.D. • Spell out titles used without proper names. • Mr. Carew asked if she had seen the doctor.
Use Abbreviations Only When You Know Readers Will Understand Them • Familiar Abbreviations- • CBS, EPA, IRS • Unfamiliar Abbreviations- • Human Resources and Education Center (HREC) • When you are using unfamiliar abbreviations make sure it’s spelled out the first time you use it, and give the abbreviation in parentheses.
Abbreviate Words Used with Times, Dates, Etc. • 6:00 p.m. or 6:00 P.M. or 9 PM • Make sure your consistent throughout • 498 B.C. or 498 B.C.E. or 498 BCE • 6,000 rpm • 271 cm • 55 mph
Avoid Latin Abbreviations in Formal Writing • In formal writing, it is usually a good idea to avoid even common Latin abbreviations (e.g., et al., etc., and i.e.). Instead of e.g., use such as or for example. • Examples • Cf. Compare (confer) • e.g. For example, such as (exempli gratia) • Et al. and others (et alia) • Etc. and so forth, and so on (et cetera) • i.e. That is (id est) • N.B. Note well (nota bene)
Avoid inappropriate abbreviations and symbols • Make sure to spell out days of the week, places, peoples names, disciplines and professions, parts of speech, parts of written works, symbols, and units of measurement • Examples • Saturday not Sat. • Texas not TX • Verb not V. • Physical Education not phys. Ed. • Christmas not Xmas
Quiz • Fix these sentences. • Doctor Smith was part of HREC last year. • Come before 6:00 p.m. but not after 6:30 P.M. • Mr. Carew asked if she had seen the dr. • She needed to buy pencils, books, paper, etc. • My brother from TW is not coming home for Xmas.
Answers • Do not use unfamiliar abbreviations. • Either P.M. for both or p.m. for both. Keep consistent. • Spell out Doctor. • Avoid using Latin abbreviations. • Spell out states and holidays.