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The cell phone in the classroom: a foe or a friend? EUROCALL 2011

The cell phone in the classroom: a foe or a friend? EUROCALL 2011. Irina Averianova, Nagoya Business University, Japan. Cell Phone - History. 1973 - The first hand-held mobile phone by Dr Martin Cooper of Motorola

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The cell phone in the classroom: a foe or a friend? EUROCALL 2011

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  1. The cell phone in the classroom: a foe or a friend?EUROCALL 2011 Irina Averianova, Nagoya Business University, Japan

  2. Cell Phone - History • 1973 - The first hand-held mobile phone by Dr Martin Cooper of Motorola • 1979 – The first commercially automated cellular network (the 1G) was launched in Japan by NTT DoCoMo • 1981 – The simultaneous launch of the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) system in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden • 1983 - The first USAG network using the Motorola DynaTAC mobile phone.

  3. Cell Phone – More History • 1991 - The first "modern" network of digital 2G (second generation) cellular technology was launched by Radiolinja (now part of Elisa Group) in in Finland • 1999 – The first i-mode service (connection of mobile phones to the Internet) by NTT DoCoMo, Japan • 2001 - The first commercial launch of 3G (Third Generation) technology was again in Japan by NTT DoCoMo • 2007 - The first IPhone, Internet- and multimedia-enabled smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. • 2010 – The first 4thGeneration iPhone model released in Japan.

  4. Cell Phone - History 1905 2011

  5. Cell Phone Statistics - worldwide mobile phone subscriptions

  6. Cell Phone Functions • Telephony • Text messaging • MMS • Email • Internet access • Podcasts • Photography • Various business applications • Gaming

  7. Cell Phone – A friend? • Access • Ubiquity • More reading and writing among teenagers (B. Bass, Maryland Writing Project, 2002; D.Crystal, 2009) • Diversification of writing (H.Helderman, 2003) • Revising and editing (G. Jacobs, 2005)

  8. Cell Phone – A foe? • Cheating • 2002 - University of Maryland, College Park, 12 students • 2002 - Hitotsubashi University, 26 students • 2004 - England, 287 school and college students • Multitasking • Disruption • Txting – instead of normative writing > lack of code-switching skills

  9. Instant Messaging-Development • 1995 -0.4 messages per customer per month • 2006 - 72% of all mobile phone users worldwide use Short Message Service (SMS). • Finland, Sweden, Norway - 90% of the population • The European average - about 85% • 2010 - 2.4 trillion messages

  10. Texting as Electronic Discourse: Written Speech Spoken Writing (Hybrid, A new computer style, Internet Slang, Internet language, Net speak, Chat Room Shorthand, Tech-talk, Nu English) DISCURSIVE DRIVES • Economy of writing • Linguistic relaxation • Maintenance of orality in the absence of direct auditory interaction

  11. NUCB Survey • Do you have a cell phone? Teachers – 73 % Students – 100 % For STUDENTS: what kind of cell phone? 50 % have Smart Phone (iPhone, etc.) For TEACHERS: Why not? • Happy without it. • No need. • Don’t need it in Japan. • Never had, never will.

  12. NUCB Survey • How long have you had a cell phone? • More than 10 years Teachers – 51 % Students – 17 % * • More than 5 years Teachers – 39 % Students – 48.4 %

  13. NUCB Survey - Functions • SMS, MMS, Email: “Never” or “Almost never”? Teachers Students 48 % never send 4 % 32 % never receive 4 %

  14. NUCB Survey - Functions • Taking photos Teachers Students 48.6 % never or almost never 11 % • Listening to sound files Teachers Students 83 % never or almost never 36 %

  15. NUCB Survey - Functions • Accessing the Internet Teachers Students 30 % 96 % • Playing games ONLY 1 teacher SOMETIMES does 75 % of students DO

  16. NUCB Survey • Do we need to use cell-phone for teaching and learning? Agree DisagreeNot sure Teachers 2.8 %54.3 %42.9 % Students 47 %3 %50 %

  17. NUCB Survey • Have you ever seen or heard or read about any teaching/learning activities with cell-phones? 60 % of Teachers - NO 60 % of Students - YES • IF you ever --–”--- … would you like to try them in your practice? 72 % - NO or NOT SURE!28 % - YES

  18. NUCB Survey Students SHOULD NOT use cell-phone at school AGREE Teachers Students 75 % 60 % DISAGREE Teachers Students 8.5 % 11 %

  19. A Friend or a Foe? • YES! “To address the educational needs of our students it is important to understand how technology influences their everyday lives” (Hoopingarner, 2008) • YES! Japan is “one of the leading mobile telephone markets, not only in terms of size, but also in terms of innovation (Hulme-Jones, 2010) • YES! “The cell phone is the technology of choice for today’s students” (Hoopingarner, 2008)

  20. A Friend or a Foe Cell Phone at school - 2b or not 2b th@ts ?  Innovative research!  Innovative practice! Thank you!

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