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Ancient Rome

Ancient Rome. DO Now. Turn to a new page in your notebooks and title it “Unit 2: Ancient Rome” Write the following OBJECTIVE in your notes underneath: Evaluate how Rome’s central location and geographic features made it a desirable location from which to expand. Do Now.

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Ancient Rome

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  1. Ancient Rome

  2. DO Now • Turn to a new page in your notebooks and title it “Unit 2: Ancient Rome” • Write the following OBJECTIVE in your notes underneath: • Evaluate how Rome’s central location and geographic features made it a desirable location from which to expand

  3. Do Now • Read the following quote from the historian Livy, in his work, The Early History of Rome, about the cite of Rome, then answer the questions • Not without reason did gods and men choose this spot for the cite of our city—the healthy hills, the river to bring us produce from the inland regions and sea-borne commerce from abroad, the sea itself, near enough for convenience yet not so near as to bring danger from foreign fleets, our situation in the very heart of Italy—all these advantages make it of all places in the world the best for a city destined to grow great. • What is the main idea of this quote? • What arguments does Livy point out to support his argument?

  4. Objective • Evaluate how Rome’s central location and geographic features made it a desirable location from which to expand

  5. Italy • Peninsula extending 750 miles from north to south • Not very wide, averaging 120 miles across

  6. The impact of Geography • Alps fairly easy to cross • Italy easily accessible by other peoples in Europe • Italy had more land for farming • Enabled large population • Rome’s location inland on the Tiber River very favorable • Gave Rome a route to the sea, but was far enough away from it to be safe from pirates • Rome built on seven hills • Made it easy to defend • Italian peninsula juts into Mediterranean Sea • Made it important crossroads between western and eastern Mediterranean • After Romans established their empire around the Mediterranean, easier to govern because of its location

  7. Italy vs. Greece

  8. Founding of Rome • LEGEND: • According to Roman legend, city of Rome was founded in 753 BCE by Romulus and Remus • Twin sons of the god Mars and a Latin princess • They were abandoned on the Tiber River as infants and raised by a she-wolf • Decided to build a city near the spot where they were abandoned • WHAT REALLY HAPPENED: • Rome developed because of its strategic location and its fertile soil • Indo-European peoples moved into Italy from about 1500 BC to 1000 BC • Built on 7 rolling hills at a curve on the Tiber River, near center of Italian peninsula • Midway between Alps and Italy’s southern tip • Near the midpoint of the Mediterranean Sea

  9. Peoples of Italy

  10. The Early Republic • 600 BCE: Etruscan became king • Etruscan kings helped Rome grow from collection of hilltop villages to city that covered nearly 500 square miles • Various kings ordered construction of Rome’s first temples and public buildings • Swampy valley below Palatine Hill was drained, making public meeting place • Later became the Forum, the heart of Roman political life • Last king of Rome was Tarquin the Proud • Harsh tyrant driven from power in 509 BCE • Roman aristocrats (wealthy landowners who resented Etruscan king) overthrew him • Romans declared they would never again be ruled by a king • Established new government • Called it a republic • Form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to vote to select their leaders • In Rome, citizenship with voting rights granted only to free-born male citizens

  11. War and Conquest • At the beginning of the republic, Rome surrounded by enemies • For next 200 years, city engaged in continuous warfare • 338 BC, Rome crushed Latin states • Next 50 years, Rome waged war against people from central Appennines • By 264 BCE, Romans had overcome Greeks and completed conquest of Southern Italy • After defeating remaining Etruscan states to north, Rome had conquered virtually all of Italy • To rule Italy, Romans devised the Roman Confederation • Under this system, Rome allowed some peoples, especially Latins, to have full Roman citizenship • Most remaining communities made allies who remained free to run local affairs but required to provide soldiers for Rome • Loyal allies could improve their status and become Roman citizens

  12. Successful Strategies • Romans believed characteristics of their ancestors made them successful • Duty, courage, discipline • Stories by historian Livy about Cincinnatus • Romans good diplomats • Smart in extending citizenship and allowing states to run own affairs • Romans excelled in military matters • Accomplished and persistent soldiers • Brilliant strategists • Built colonies (fortified towns) in conquered areas connected by roads so Romans could move troops quickly • Practical in law and politics • Did not try to build an ideal government but created political institutions in response to problems as they arose

  13. For Homework… • Print out a copy of your group’s information handout from my website • Create an Edmodo account and join my class • If you do not already have one, create a Gmail email account. • Directions for doing both of these will be posted as a Homework Assignment on my website

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