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INTRODUCTION TO AIR POLLUTION AND AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT

INTRODUCTION TO AIR POLLUTION AND AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT. Mackenzie L. Davis, Ph.D., P.E., DEE Emeritus Professor of Environmental Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Michigan State University . Topics. History of Air Pollution Air Pollution Episodes

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INTRODUCTION TO AIR POLLUTION AND AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT

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  1. INTRODUCTION TO AIR POLLUTION AND AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT Mackenzie L. Davis, Ph.D., P.E., DEE Emeritus Professor of Environmental Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Michigan State University

  2. Topics • History of Air Pollution • Air Pollution Episodes • Air Pollutants • Effects of Air Pollutants

  3. History of Air Pollution • 1272 • King Edward I of England bans use of “sea coal” • 1377 - 1399 • Richard II restricts use of coal • 1413 - 1422 • Henry V regulates/restricts use of coal

  4. History of Air Pollution • 1661 By royal command of Charles II, John Evelyn of the Royal Society publishes “Fumifugium; or the Inconvenience of the Air and Smoke dissipated; together with Some Remedies Humbly Proposed” • 1907 • Formation of the predecessor to the Air & Waste Management Association

  5. History of Air Pollution • 1930 - 1950’s Air Pollution Episodes • 1955 First Federal Air Pollution Control Act • funds for research • 1960 Motor Vehicle Exhaust Act • funds for research • 1963 Clean Air Act • Three stage enforcement • Funds for state and local agencies

  6. History of Air Pollution • 1965 Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Act • Emission regulations for cars to begin in 1968 • 1967 Air Quality Act • Criteria documents • Control technique documents • 1970 clean Air Act Amendments • National Ambient Air Quality Standards • New Source Performance Standards

  7. Air Pollution Episodes • 1873 • London, England • 268 unexpected deaths • DEC 1930 • Meuse Valley, Belgium • 60 deaths • 6000 ill • 5 previous episodes ‘recognized’

  8. Air Pollution Episodes • JAN 1931 • Manchester and Salford, England • 692 deaths • OCT 1948 • Donora, PA • 20 deaths • 5910 ill

  9. Air Pollution Episodes • DEC 1952 • London, England • 4000 deaths • Unknown number ill • Recognized 6 previous and 9 subsequent episodes • OCT 1953 • New Orleans, LA • 2 deaths • 200 ill

  10. Air Pollution Episodes • NOV 1953 • New York, NY • 165 deaths • Unknown number ill • Recognized 3 subsequent episodes • JAN 1956 • London, England • 1,000 excess deaths

  11. Common Characteristics of theAir Pollution Episodes • Large number of sources • Restricted air volume for several days • “Stagnating anticyclone” • Failure of officials to recognize and act • Presence of water droplets of the “right size”

  12. Air Pollutants • Criteria air pollutants • Hazardous air pollutants • Non-criteria air pollutants

  13. Criteria Air Pollutants • Established based on health effects criteria documents • National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) • CO • Pb • NO2 • O3 • PM2.5 • SO2

  14. Hazardous Air Pollutants(HAPs) • Predecessor: National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) • Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 directed EPA to establish emission controls for 189 chemicals listed in the Act. • NOT based on health criteria • Based on Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT)

  15. Non-Criteria Pollutants • In essence, all pollutants not included in the NAAQS and HAP lists • Examples: • CO2 • NaCl

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