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The Civil Rights Movement: Chapter 37-38 Review. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). Truman ends segregation in armed forces 1948 Congress refuses to pass civil rights legislation Jim Crow still ruled the South Decision of civil rights left up to the Supreme Court head by Chief Justice Earl Warren.
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Truman ends segregation in armed forces 1948 • Congress refuses to pass civil rights legislation • Jim Crow still ruled the South • Decision of civil rights left up to the Supreme Court head by Chief Justice Earl Warren
Montgomery Bus Boycott Began w/ Rosa Parks Lasted 1 year Gave rise to 27year old Rev. Martin Luther King
His death caused a serge in the Civil Rights Movement Showed the brutality of southern violence towards African-Americans created outrage across the nation Death of Emmett Till
Little Rock Nine September 1957- Central High School was to enroll 9 black students Gov. Orval Faubus of Arkansas mobilized the National Guard to keep the students from entering President Eisenhower sent in troops to escort children to their classes (1st time her act on behalf of civil rights)
Civil Rights Act 1957passed under Eisenhower • Set up a civil rights commission to investigate violations of civil rights and authorized federal gov. to protect voting rights
Martin Luther King Jr. • Formed the Southern Christian Leadership Conference 1957 • Mobilized black churches to work towards black rights • Believed in peaceful demonstrations • 1st phase of Civil Rights Movement
President Kennedy • Campaigned on civil rights legislation • June 11, 1953 Kennedy calls civil rights issue a “moral issue” & commits to finding a solution • Calls for new civil rights legislation • MLK “March on Washington”
Kennedy Assassination • Kennedy unable to pass Civil Rights Legislation due to southern democrats • After assassination Lyndon B. Johnson continues the fight for Civil Rights • Civil Rights Act of 1964- banned discrimination based on sex, race, religion • Voting Rights Acts of 1965- eliminated literacy tests in the South
Black Power • 2nd phase of Civil Rights movement • Civil Rights movement changes from non-violence protests of MLK to use of force tactics of Malcolm X • Nation of Islam • Elijah Muhammad
Black Muslims • Nation of Islam (Black Muslims) • Belief that Blacks should separate from white society as whites caused their condition • Malcolm X was a follower believed in armed self defense
Black Panthers • Began in Oakland, Ca. • Led by Stokely Carmichael • “Black Power”