Ch 16-18 Test Review

1. Ch 16-18 Test Review • I have added our slides from our class presentations to Ch 17, but do not ignore the other two chapters—the test is evenly split between all three. • Do NOT re-read your book. Review your notes and the big picture ideas. Practice some questions and be able to address the information on the following slides.

2. THE BIG PICTURE Exploration—characterize early, middle & later expeditions Iberian start; northern finish Columbian Exchange Core vs. Dependent nations The new “world economy” Colonization (north vs. south) Impact on the new world order KEY PEOPLE & TERMS Prince Henry Vasco da Gama Magellan Columbus Trading companies Core/dependent Mercantilism Seven Years War Chapter 16

3. Chapter 17 • Big Picture = changes • Governments strengthen • Economy diversifies • Science becomes the center of intellectual life • Social ideas about family and life change • Internal change means internal conflict

4. THE BIG PICTURE Spurred on by greater contacts/urbanization (Italy) Humanism reshapes how people see everything! Technology (printing press) rapidly spreads ideas The new European family emerges KEY PEOPLE & TERMS Machiavelli Humanism Italian vs. Northern Renaissance Francis I Gutenberg European style family The Renaissance

5. THE BIG PICTURE End of Christian Unity (major political implications) Serious challenge to the Church, which undergoes its own counter or Catholic reformation Princes & peasants had other reasons to support the movement KEY PEOPLE & TERMS Martin Luther Anglican Jean Calvin Protestant vs. Catholic Reformation Jesuits Edict of Nantes Thirty years war Treaty of Westphalia English Civil War The Reformation(s)

6. THE BIG PICTURE The whole structure of the economy is reshaped Influx of silver & gold results in massive inflation (impact?) Changes—trading companies, specialized agriculture, new proletariat groups, witchcraft hysteria, popular protests. Who spurred more change—the elites or the masses? KEY PEOPLE & TERMS Proletariat Inflation Mercantilism The Commercial Revolution

7. THE BIG PICTURE Emphasis on reason challenges the Church’s authority New instruments & methodology spread quickly among the educated Science becomes CENTRAL to western intellectual life (this does not occur in other civilizations) KEY PEOPLE & TERMS Copernicus Galileo Kepler Newton Bacon Harvey Deism The Scientific Revolution

8. THE BIG PICTURE Feudal balance disappears as centralized authority arises Absolute (France) and parliamentary (Great Britain) Political theories abound! KEY PEOPLE & TERMS Absolute & parliamentary monarchies Louis XIV Glorious Revolution The Rise of Monarchies

9. THE BIG PICTURE Centers in France, applying principles of the scientific method to political thought. Basic principles—people are good, reason is key and intolerance/blind faith is wrong Some thinkers went beyond politics and highlighted economic and social issues KEY PEOPLE & TERMS Frederick the Great Mary Wollstonecraft Adam Smith The Enlightenment

10. THE BIG PICTURE Mongolian Impact The Tsars (& tsarinas) Selective westernization The Russian economy Russia, Eastern and Western Europe Russia compared to the West KEY PEOPLE & TERMS The Ivans (III & IV) The Greats (Peter & Catherine) Time of Troubles Romanovs Pugachev Rebellion Old Believers Partition of Poland Chapter 18

11. Test your knowledge.. • Here is a small sampling of questions—do you know the answers? • Run this PowerPoint as a presentation to reveal the answers

12. The Portuguese Prince Henry the Navigator A) invented the astrolabe. B) discovered Brazil. C) rounded the Cape of Good Hope and eventually sailed to India. D) directed a series of expeditions along the African coast and also outward to the Azores. E) explored with the purpose of spreading Protestantism to new lands.

13. Vasco da Gama A) invented the astrolabe. B) discovered Brazil. C) rounded the Cape of Good Hope and eventually sailed to India. D) directed a series of expeditions along the African coast and also outward to the Azores. E) explored with the purpose of spreading Protestantism to new lands.

14. Which of the following statements most accurately describes the impact of European conquest on the population of Native Americans? A) The arrival of the Europeans increased the total population of the Americas significantly without diminishing the expansion of the Native American population. B) After initial decreases associated with losses in battle, the population of Native Americans recovered to pre-conquest levels. C) The arrival of the Europeans caused a slight drop in population growth among Native Americans. D) Native American populations increased due to the introduction of European technology. E) Native American population was devastated by the introduction of previously unknown European diseases.

15. Who did the Spanish defeat at the battle of Lepanto? A) The British B) The Ottoman Empire C) The Dutch D) The Portuguese E) The Aztecs

16. What was the core region of the global trade network during the early modern period? A) Northwestern Europe B) The Iberian Peninsula C) Eastern Europe D) The Mediterranean E) The Middle East

17. Which of the following areas did NOT have a predominantly coercive labor system? A) Latin America B) The southern Atlantic colonies of North America C) Northwestern Europe D) Eastern Europe E) Caribbean colonies

18. Which of the following statements concerning the Japanese participation in the global trade network is most accurate? A) The Japanese did display some openness to Christian missions and they were also fascinated by Western advances in gunnery and shipping. B) Japan, like China, showed no interest in any aspect of Western trade. C) The Japanese warmly accepted Western commercial interests and became part of the dependent zones of the global trade network. D) After 1600, all Europeans were banned from Japan, but Japanese traders continued to travel and trade abroad. E) After initial resistance, Japan opened up and embraced trade and contact with the West.

19. What was the primary export product of eastern Europe to the West? A) Domestic animals B) Grain C) Woolen cloth D) Iron E) Workers

20. Why was the Portuguese colony of Angola exceptional? A) In Angola the Catholic church successfully banned the slave trade. B) The Portuguese pressed inland in Angola instead of simply establishing coastal fortresses. C) Angola was the only European colony established south of the Congo River. D) Angola was actually governed by indigenous tribesmen with only loose supervision from the mother country. E) Angola quickly threw off control by the Portuguese.

21. What impact did the Seven Years War have on French colonial possessions? A) The French were able to seize British possessions in North America. B) The French lost their colonies in India to the British. C) The French seized Dutch possessions in Africa. D) The French exchanged their sugar islands in the Caribbean for Spanish colonies in Latin America. E) The French retreated from their role as colonial powers and tended to domestic issues.

22. Which of the following was associated with the Italian Renaissance? A) Shakespeare B) Galileo C) Vesalius D) Pirandello E) Niccolo Machiavelli

23. Which of the following accounts, in part, for the decline of the Italian Renaissance? A) The successful invasion of Italy circa 1500 B) The Protestant Reformation C) The invasion of the peninsula by France and Spain D) The economic depression that ended artistic patronage E) The rejection of humanism

24. Who was responsible for the invention of movable type in the West? A) Albrecht Durer B) Nicolaus Copernicus C) Erasmus D) Johannes Gutenberg E) John Harvey

25. Which of the following was NOT associated with the founding of a Protestant church in the 16th century? A) Jean Calvin B) Henry VIII C) Ignatius Loyola D) Martin Luther E) 95 Theses

26. Which of the following statements most accurately describes the nature of popular support for Luther's religious reform movement? A) Luther failed to attract the support of the German princes because he advocated the overthrow of their authority in favor of unification under the Holy Roman Empire. B) German princes who turned Protestant could increase their independence from the emperor, seize church lands, and control the church in their territories. C) The poor supported Luther's movement in return for Luther's promise of redistribution of land and property. D) German merchants refused to support Lutheranism, because the reform movement was less favorable to money making than Catholicism. E) Support for Lutheranism was uniform across the Holy Roman Empire.

27. Commodities that many European peasants and artisans around 1600 ordinarily owned Included A) porcelain. B) pewterware. C) silver. D) silk screens. E) several feather beds.

28. Who was the author of the scientific treatise Principia Mathematica? A) Andreas Vesalius B) Isaac Newton C) John Harvey D) Francis Bacon E) Decartes

29. What monarch was associated with the establishment of enlightened despotism in Prussia in the middle of the 18th century? A) Joseph II B) Catherine the Great C) William III D) Frederick the Great E) Louis XIV

30. What Enlightenment social scientist advocated that government avoid regulation of the economy in favor of individual initiative and market forces? A) John Keynes B) Jacques Turgot C) Adam Smith D) David Hume E) John Locke

31. What crop was introduced to Europe in the 17th century and substantially improved the food supply? A) Cucumbers B) Peas C) Millet D) Potatoes E) Corn

32. Ivan III was responsible for the A) abolition of serfdom in Russia. B) military campaigns that freed much of Russia from the Mongols. C) policies of Westernization that required changes in dress among the Russian elite. D) conversion of Russia to Roman Catholicism. E) founding of the Romanov dynasty.

33. Ivan the Great’s claim that Russia was the successor of the Byzantine Empire implied that Russia was the A) “next Byzantium.” B) Golden Horde. C) “pax Romana.” D) Mandate of Heaven. E) “Third Rome.”

34. What group did Ivan the Terrible attack as a means of furthering tsarist autocracy? A) The Old Believers B) The Orthodox priesthood C) The growing merchant class D) The peasants E) The boyars

35. 4. Cossacks were A) those who objected to reforms in the Orthodox church. B) members of the Russian nobility. C) peasants recruited to migrate to newly seized lands in the Russian Empire. D) the designated heirs of the tsars. E) a secret organization that opposed the tsars’ autocracy.

36. 5. The Time of Troubles followed the death of which Russian tsar? A) Ivan III B) Peter the Great C) Ivan IV D) Alexis Romanov E) Michael Romanov

37. Old Believers were A) Russians who refused to accept tsarist reforms of the Orthodox church. B) Roman Catholics in western Russia. C) opponents of the Romanov dynasty’s claims to authority. D) Russian heretics who believed in Christian dualism’s divine forces of both good and evil. E) people who refused to accept any contact, no matter how minimal, between Russia and western Europe.

38. Where was Peter the Great’s program of economic development concentrated? A) Cloth production B) Mining and metallurgical industries C) Urbanization D) Pottery production E) Shipbuilding and seafaring

39. Peter the Great’s policy of cultural Westernization was directed primarily at the A) merchants. B) peasants. C) nobility. D) Orthodox church. E) government officials.

40. The government of Catherine the Great A) controlled all aspects of central and local administration. B) advocated the abolition of the peasantry and removed some of the worst abuses of the coercive labor system. C) was so besieged by peasant rebellions that it scarcely functioned by the end of the reign. D) was strongly centralized, but yielded virtually all local control to the nobility. E) was never considered legitimate.

41. In 1649, Russian serfdom A) was abolished. B) was converted to legal slavery. C) became hereditary. D) began to modify to a free peasantry under the influence of Westernization. E) became a source of unrest that led to its abolition within the next decade.