American Revolution (1776) Mexi can War of Independence (1821) Texas War of Independence (1835)

1. American Revolution (1776) Mexican War of Independence (1821) Texas War of Independence (1835) • Are these events related? Why or why not?

2. Filibusteros! Advanced agents of American civilization. • American men and women that made • unauthorized expeditions into Spanish Texas. • Comes from the Spanish word meaning • “bucaneer” or “pirate.”

3. Philip Nolan • 1st English speaking US citizen to enter Tejas. • Corralled mustangs to sell to France and Spain. • He made 3 legal trips into Spanish territory. • His final expedition entered east Tejas in 1800 and went as far as present day Waco. • The Spanish governorof Nacogdoches dispatched troops after them and Nolan’s camp was attacked and he was killed. • Result of the Nolan expedition: Spain issued an edict that outlawed immigration from the US into Tejas and Mexico.

4. Henry Perry • Resigned from the US Army and came to Texas to fight Spanish colonial rule. • Fought with the Republican Army of the North against Spain in the Battle of Medina. • Established a base at Galveston in 1815. • Unsuccessfully attacked La Bahia in 1817 and took his own life rather than being captured by the Spanish.

5. Jean Lafitte • French pirate. • Raided ships in the Gulf of Mexico. • Provided American with armaments during the war of 1812 in exchange for a pardon from President Jackson. • Established a base of operations on Galveston Island called Campeche. • Declared himself the Governor of Texas but only stayed for 3-4 years.

7. James and Jane Long • A doctor and his wife from Natchez, MS. • Upset with the United states and the signing of the Adams-Onis Treaty. • Wanted to “liberate” Texas.

8. First expedition(1819): takes a small garrison of men from Natchez and advances on Nacogdoches, taking the city. Proclaims himself the President of the Independent Republic of Texas. Goes to Galveston to seek help from Jean Lafitte and is turned down. When he returns to Nacogdoches, his men have been beaten by Spain, returned home. Second expedition(1820): Conducts an invasion of Galveston Island. ( Lafitte is gone by this time.) Leaves Jane on the island and advances inland. Him and his men and captured and executed. Jane spends the winter on the island alone with her new daughter. She returns to Texas a few years later and spends the rest of her life there.

9. Father Miguel Hidalgo • Considered the Father of Mexico. • Led a peasant uprising against the Spanish that is considered the first conflict of the Mexican War of Independence. (1810) • Though his revolt was not successful and he was executed, others took up arms after him and continued his cause until independence was won in 1821.

10. Jose Bernardo Gutierrez • Follower of Miguel Hidalgo. • Plots with Lt. Magee of the US Army, for the cause of Mexican Independence. • Along with Lt. Magee, led a force of American and Mexican troops to capture the presidio at La Bahia and the presidio at San Antonio. (1812) • Writes the Declaration of Independence for the State of Texas (along with American Samuel Kemper.)

11. Augustus William Magee • American Arm Lt. who was put in control of the “no man’s land” between TX and LA. • Resigns his commission in the US Army to adventure into TX with Gutierrez. • It is assumed that he had the backing of the United States (based on the support he had, number of men, etc.) • Is killed in the attack on La Bahia.