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Electric Charges

Electric Charges. Materials that attract and repel other materials carry an electric charge. . Three different types of materials: 1) Neutral (uncharged) 2) Positive charge 3) Negative charge. Two different charges are called unlike charges .

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Electric Charges

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  1. Electric Charges

  2. Materials that attract and repel other materials carry an electric charge.

  3. Three different types of materials: 1) Neutral (uncharged) 2) Positive charge 3) Negative charge

  4. Two different charges are called unlike charges. • Two similar charges are called like charges.

  5. Conductors, Insulators, and In-Between

  6. Insulators • Materials that hold onto electrons very tightly, not allowing them to move thereby stopping the flow of electricity. • Examples: plastic, rubber, non-metals

  7. Conductors • Materials that hold electrons loosely, letting charges move freely, and electricity to flow. • Example: metals

  8. Semiconductors: higher conductivity than insulators but lower than conductors. Example: silicon and gallium • Superconductors: very good conductors which allow all charges to flow. Example: metal alloys and ceramics

  9. Neutralizing Unbalanced Charges

  10. Charges want to exist in balance with each other, they don’t want to be uneven.

  11. As the objects become balanced, also called neutralized, small sparks or an electrical discharge is given off.

  12. Neutralizing Unbalanced Charges • Electrical discharges are a serious safety hazard and may cause fires and explosions.

  13. In order to prevent electrical discharge, objects must be grounded or connected to the Earth with a wire. • The Earth is large enough to neutralize objects without causing sparks.

  14. Preventing Electrostatic Build-Up • A buildup of unbalanced charges is also unsafe. • Products have been invented to decrease static build-up and have the charges spread out over a larger area. • Example: Fabric softeners

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