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Hendra virus and the Hendra virus vaccine

Hendra virus and the Hendra virus vaccine. September, 2013. AGENDA. 1. The Hendra Virus – an update The Hendra Vaccine Vaccine administration and protocol Stakeholder Positions. 2. 3. 4. The Hendra Virus – an update. Bat distribution – 2000 to 2013.

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Hendra virus and the Hendra virus vaccine

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  1. Hendra virus and the Hendra virus vaccine September, 2013

  2. AGENDA 1 The Hendra Virus – an update The Hendra Vaccine Vaccine administration and protocol Stakeholder Positions 2 3 4

  3. The Hendra Virus – an update

  4. Bat distribution – 2000 to 2013 adapted from Richards, Hall and Parish (2012)6 • Four mainland species • Antibody detected in all 4 species • No definitive data on bat-to-bat spread • No data on bat-to-horse spread • No evidence of bat-to-human spread

  5. Brief History • ~30 occurrences affecting ~80 horsesMost incidents affect 1-2 horses • Two “large” outbreaks • 1994: first reported outbreak 20 horses affected (14 died) 2 people infected (1 died)Fulminant respiratory signs • 2008: Redlands outbreak 5 affected horses (4 died) 2 people infected (1 died) Neurological signs

  6. What is the risk of a horse being infected with Hendra virus? • Estimated approx. 900,000 horses in Australia • Approximately 90 cases since 1994 • ~80% case fatality rate (others euthanased) • Consequences are severe (equine and human)

  7. Suspected Hendra case… • Wear full PPE • Supply full PPE to handler • Coach handler in the use of PPE • Includes: • Impervious overalls • Rubber boots or covers • Double gloves taped to sleeves • Goggles/Face shield • P2 mask properly fitted • Horses requiring intensive care and treatment in a hospital may not get care without a negative HeV test • What defines a suspected Hendra case?

  8. The Hendra Vaccine

  9. Development through International Collaboration • Equivac HeV was the result of an international collaboration. • Zoetis worked in close partnership with: • CSIRO’s Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL) • Uniformed Service University of the Health Sciences (USU) • The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF). • Zoetis has been involved from the early stages of the development process, contributing to formulation, industrialisation, production and distribution of the vaccine.

  10. Acquired immunity Passive Immunity Active immunity Natural infection Artificial Immunisation Artificial (Antitoxin) Natural Vaccines from Living organisms Non-living vaccines Killed whole organisms(bacterins, whole viruses) Direct DNAvaccines Subunitvaccines Virulent Heterologous Attenuated Chemically purified(toxoids) Recombinant proteins Synthetic(peptide) antigens Culture attenuated Genetically attenuated Recombinant vector Killed / inactivated vaccines • Many vaccines registered for use in animals in Australia are inactivated • Characteristics include: • Safe and successful technology • Reduced immunogenicity • Boosters required • Adjuvants required • Predominantly antibody-mediated (Th2) response Slide courtesy of Assoc Prof James Gilkerson

  11. Vaccine administration protocol

  12. Equivac® HeV • Adjuvanted subunit vaccine containing soluble sG protein(allows for identification of infected vs vaccinated horses) • For use in healthy horses from 4 months of age • For active immunisation of horses against Hendra Virus as an aid in the prevention of clinical disease caused by Hendra virus • Onset of immunity 21 days following the second dose Booster dose 1stIM dose 2ndIM dose 6 months Day 0 21-42 days

  13. Released under permit(Minor Use Permit PER13510) • Available to all horses nationally, from November 2012 • Available only to accredited veterinarians • Administered only by accredited veterinarians • All vaccinated horses must be identified by microchip • Each dose recorded in a national online registry (within 48 hours) • Registry now accessible to all • Vaccination certificate issued on completion of the priming vaccine protocol

  14. Safety, efficacy and ongoing trial work

  15. What happens in unvaccinated horses? Slide courtesy of Dr Deborah Middleton, CSIRO

  16. What happens in vaccinated horses? Slide courtesy of Dr Deborah Middleton, CSIRO

  17. Additional clinical studies • Safety in pregnant mares and maternal antibody over-ride • Multiple vaccinations including double dose at 3wk intervals • Study completed, no abortions • Vaccination in each trimester • No adverse events to date; completion early 2014 • Foal study yet to commence • Three larger field trials in NSW and Nth Qld • Monitoring for antibody levels, safety • No concerns thus far • Safety in 3mth foals • Double, single, single dose at 3wk intervals • Study completed, no concerns • Compatibility with Equivac 2 in 1 (Tetanus and Strangles) • Final planning stages

  18. To date... • Released Nov 1, 2012 • 1,786 vets accredited across Australia • 140,000 doses have been administered • Over 70,000 horses vaccinated

  19. Current stakeholder positions

  20. AVA’s Position on Vaccination Reducing Hendra risk  “The AVA believes that all horses should be vaccinated against the Hendra virus.”

  21. Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and ForestryThe Honourable John McVeigh Horse owners urged to vaccinate against Hendra virus “Vaccination is the best way to reduce the risk of Hendra infection. Sadly, human infection and deaths have occurred from high-level exposure to body fluids from infected horses. By vaccinating, owners aren’t just protecting their horses, they’re also protecting themselves, their family and employees.”

  22. Racing Queensland New Hendra Virus Vaccination Program “Widespread uptake of vaccination in the racehorse population will ensure that the virus, which has the potential to cripple parts of the racing industry, is stopped in its tracks. RQ hopes that the positive stance taken by the racing industry on the Hendra virus issue will encourage other horse industry bodies to consider how they can best protect their horses and stakeholders from this virus.”

  23. Equestrian New South Wales New Hendra Virus Vaccination Program “Equestrian NSW has a responsibility to its members, horses, event organisers and venues to implement a policy to protect equine and human health for the entire community by all available means. Widespread vaccination would effectively prevent future human and equine fatalities. Equestrian NSW requires that, as of 1 January, 2014, ALL horses attending any Equestrian Australia/FEI event conducted in NSW considered a HendraVaccinated Event* (HVE) will be fully protected against Hendra Virus as per the manufacturer’s registered label claim. * Definition of a Hendra Vaccinated Event (HVE) – any EA/FEI event held in NSW where one or more horses are staying overnight at the event venue.

  24. NSW & QLD Government/Biosecurity Position

  25. Questions? • Equivac HeV is not a registered chemical product and an application for registration has been submitted.

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