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Unit 1: Intro to Earth/Environmental Science

Unit 1: Intro to Earth/Environmental Science. Atoms and the Periodic Table Study Guide Determining Shells and Valence Electrons. Created by: K. Willoughby. Elements and the Periodic Table. Elements are the b asic building blocks of matter. . Over 100 elements are

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Unit 1: Intro to Earth/Environmental Science

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  1. Unit 1: Intro to Earth/Environmental Science Atoms and the Periodic Table Study Guide Determining Shells and Valence Electrons Created by: K. Willoughby

  2. Elements and the Periodic Table • Elements are the • basic building • blocks of matter. • Over 100 elements are • known.

  3. Atoms Smallest particles of matter • Have all the characteristics of an • element The nucleus is the central part of an atom and contains • protons, which have positive electrical charges • neutrons, which have neutral electrical charges

  4. Determining an Atom’s Mass Number and Atomic Number by Using the Periodic Table Atomic Number 7 N Element’s symbol 14.00674 Relative Atomic Mass

  5. Atoms Energy levels, or shells • surround the nucleus • contain electrons—negatively charged • particles  The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Bohr Model

  6. Isotopes Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but varying numbers of neutrons. • Have different mass numbers: • the sum of the neutrons plus protons Many isotopes are radioactive and emit energy and particles. The mass number is the number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom.

  7. Why Atoms Bond When an atom’s outermost energy level does not contain the maximum number of electrons, the atom is likely to form a chemical bond with one or more atoms. • A compound consists of two or more elements that are chemically combined in specific proportions. • An ion is an atom that gains or loses electrons.

  8. Mass Number = Number of Protons = Number of Neutrons (Mass # = #P + # N) so M# - #P = # N Number of Protons = Number of Electrons (P=E) Atomic Number = Number of Protons A#= #P http://www.wikihow.com/Find-the-Number-of-Neutrons-in-an-Atom

  9. Periodic Table

  10. Each row is called a “period” Periods • The elements in each period have the same number of shells 1st Period = 1 Shell 2nd Period = 2 Shells 3rd Period = 3 Shells 4th Period = 4 Shells www.chem4kids.com

  11. Groups or Families Group 8 = 8 electrons Group 1 = 1 electron Except for He, it has 2 electrons Group 2 = 2 electrons • Each column is called a “group” 3,4,5,6,7 • Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in their outer orbital, also known as “shells”. • The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons” www.chem4kids.com

  12. Transition Metals • Transition Metals have slightly different rules for shells and valence electrons. • This is something you will learn about in High School Chemistry. www.chem4kids.com

  13. Determine the number of shells and the number of valence electrons for: Carbon - C 2nd Period = 2 shells 4th Group = 4 valence electrons www.chem4kids.com

  14. Determine the number of shells and the number of valence electrons for: Sodium - Na 3rd Period = 3 shells 1st Group = 1 valence electron www.chem4kids.com

  15. Write your answers on your handout Ne • Name the element • Number of Shells? • Valence Electrons

  16. Write your answers on your handout • Neon Name the element Number of Shells? Valence Electrons 2nd Period = 2 shells 8th Group = 8 valence electrons

  17. Write your answers on your handout H • Name the element • Number of Shells? • Valence Electrons

  18. Write your answers on your handout • Hydrogen Name the element Number of Shells? Valence Electrons 1stPeriod = 1 shell 1st Group = 1 valence electron

  19. Write your answers on your handout Be • Name the element • Number of Shells? • Valence Electrons

  20. Write your answers on your handout • Beryllium Name the element Number of Shells? Valence Electrons 2nd Period = 2 shells 2nd Group = 2 valence electrons

  21. Write your answers on your handout S • Name the element • Number of Shells? • Valence Electrons

  22. Write your answers on your handout • Sulfur Name the element Number of Shells? Valence Electrons 3rd Period = 3 shells 6th Group = 6 valence electrons

  23. Write your answers on your handout K • Name the element • Number of Shells? • Valence Electrons

  24. Write your answers on your handout • Potassium Name the element Number of Shells? Valence Electrons Potassium 4th Period = 4 shells 1st Group = 1 valence electrons

  25. Write your answers on your handout He • Name the element • Number of Shells? • Valence Electrons

  26. Write your answers on your handout • Helium Name the element Number of Shells? Valence Electrons 1st Period = 1 shells 8th Group = 8 valence electrons • Helium is the exception in Group 8. • Since it has just one shell, that shell can only fit 2 electrons instead of 8. • It is in this group because all the elements have a full outer shell.

  27. Be sure to have all your answers on the worksheet. End of Study Guide

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