Subversion Source Code Management System

1. Subversion Source Code Management System Michael Legart / cph.pm Based on presentation by Blair Zajac

2. Why Use Subversion? • Functional replacement for CVS • Directory versioning (renames and moves) • Atomic commits (all or nothing) • File & directory meta-data • Requires less network access

3. Subversion Client Side • Each working directory has a .svn directory • Similar to CVS’s CVS directory • Repository password stored in each .svn (you can choose not to) • Stores a copy of each file in a directory

4. Subversion Architecture • Two locations of SVN repositories • On a local filesystem • Typically used for a single developer • Accessed via direct file read/write access • Requires that users have local accounts • Uses filesystem and user/group security • On a remote system • Accessed via a HTTP or HTTPS connection • Does not require that users have accounts on the server • Use Apache style authentication

5. Subversion Server Design • Server uses Apache web server • Browse repository with Mozilla (or any other browser) • With mod_deflate, compression can be used between client and server • Repository uses Berkeley Database • Data integrity • Atomic writes • Recoverability • Hot backups (with logfiles like in Oracle)

6. Subversion Command Line Differences • CVS • Argument position matters % cvs –d /cvsroot update –d • SVN • Argument position does not matter % svn log –r 123 foo.pl % svn log foo.pl –r 123

7. Revisions (Part 1) • Revision numbers are applied to an object to identify a unique version of that object • Example files % ls bar.pl foo.pl • CVS • Revision numbers are per file • A revision number from one file does not necessarily have any meaning to another file with the same revision number • A commit only updates the revision numbers of files that were modified • bar.pl may be at revision 1.2 and foo.pl at 1.10 • Updates to bar.pl will not change foo.pl’s revision number

8. Revisions (Part 2) • Subversion • Revision numbers are global across the whole repository • Identify how the entire repository looks at that instant in time • A commit creates a snapshot of the entire tree in the repository at that revision number • Allows users to say, “Hey so-and-so, go get revision 1432 of XYZ and try to compile it.” • Before an update, both bar.pl and foo.pl are at revision 25 • Modify bar.pl and commit • Then update the working copy • Now bar.pl and foo.pl are at revision 26, except that foo.pl in revision 25 and 26 are identical • No additional space in repository required, i.e. a cheap copy or a symbolic link is made

9. Basic Work Cycle (Part 1) • Checkout a working copy • Update working copy • Make changes • Examine your changes • Merge other’s changes • Commit your changes

10. Basic Work Cycle (Part 2) • Checkout a working copy % svn co http://svn.collab.net/repos/svn % cd svn/doc • Update working copy • Update all files and directories to the most current version % svn update • Go to a particular older revision for all files and directories % svn update –r 1345 • I want an even older version of svn-doc.el % svn update –r 999 svn-doc.el • Update output • U `foo' • File `foo' was (U)pdated (received changes from the server.) • A `foo' • File or directory `foo' was (A)dded to your working copy. • D `foo' • File or directory `foo' was (D)eleted from your working copy. • R `foo' • File or directory `foo' was (R)eplaced in your working copy; that is, `foo' was deleted, and a new item with the same name was added. While they may have the same name, the repository considers them to be distinct objects with distinct histories. • G `foo' • File `foo' received new changes, but also had changes of your own to begin with. The changes did not intersect, however, so Subversion has mer(G)ed the repository's changes into the file without a problem. • C `foo' • File `foo' received (C)onflicting changes from the server. The changes from the server directly overlap your own changes to the file. No need to panic, though. This overlap needs to be resolved by a human (you).

11. Basic Work Cycle (Part 3) • Make changes • Add new files and directories % vim Simple.pm % mkdir Presentation % touch Presentation/Othermodule.pm % svn add Presentation Presenation/Simple.pm # Presentation/Othermodule not added unless –R passed to svn add • Delete files % svn rm foo somescript.pl (No need to delete file first) • Rename file % svn mv README.txt README_OLD.txt • Copy files and directories % svn cp test_datafiles test_datafiles_new % works for directories too

12. Basic Work Cycle (Part 4) • Examine your changes • svn status: Normal amount of information % svn status _ L ./abc.pl [svn has a lock in its .svn directory for abc.pl] M ./bar.pl [the content in bar.pl has local modifications] _M ./baz.pl [baz.pl has property but no content modifications] ? ./generatedfile [svn doesn't manage generatedfile] ! ./foo.pl [svn knows foo.pl but a non-svn program deleted it] A + ./moved_dir [added with history of where it came from] M + ./moved_dir/README [added with history and has local modifications] D ./stuff/hest.pl [this file is scheduled for deletion] A ./stuff/newfile.pl [this file is scheduled for addition] • svn status: Even more info with –v • Show revision numbers • Show who changed the files

13. Basic Work Cycle (Part 5) • Examine your changes • svn diff: Show your modifications • Even shows modifications in properties • Show all differences in files and directories in local working copy % svn diff • Diff between revision 3 of foo.pl in repository and local working foo.pl % svn diff –r 3 foo.pl • Diff between revisions 2 and 3 of foo.pl in the repository without even touching local foo.pl % svn diff –r 2:3 foo.pl • Revert all your changes • Does not require network access % svn revert • Commit your changes • Generate a log message containing the files and directories that have been modified % svn commit

14. Conflict Resolution • Look for the ‘C’ when you run svn update • Better than CVS • Conflict markers are placed into the file, to visibly demonstrate the overlapping areas. Just like in CVS. • Three fulltext files starting with `tmp' are created; these files are the original three files that could not be merged together. This is better than CVS, because it allows users to directly examine all three files, and even use 3rd-party merge tools (as an alternative to conflict markers.) • Another improvement over CVS conflict handling: Subversion will not allow you to "accidentally" commit conflict markers, as so often happens in CVS. Unlike CVS, Subversion remembers that a file remains in conflict, and requires definite action from the user to undo this state before it will allow the item to be committed again. • Solutions to resolve • Hand-merge the conflicted text • Copy one of the tmpfiles on top of your working file • Run svn revert to toss all of your changes • Once resolved, you need to tell SVN that the conflict has been resolve • Run svn resolve • This deletes the tmp files

15. Log Messages (Part 1) • Log messages are not embedded in files, like CVS • Messages are associated with a single commit • Possible to change log message after commit • View log messages with svn log command

16. Log Messages (Part 2) • See all log messages % svn log ------------------------------------------------------------------------ rev 3: mil | Sun, 29 Sep 2002 18:03:46 | 1 line Changed bla bla ------------------------------------------------------------------------ rev 2: mil | Sun, 29 Sep 2002 17:47:57 | 1 line Added bla bla. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ rev 1: mil | Sun, 29 Sep 2002 17:40:08 | 2 lines Initial import ------------------------------------------------------------------------ • Limit the range of log messages % svn log -r 5:19 ... # shows logs 5 through 19 in chronological order % svn log -r 19:5 ... # shows logs 5 through 19 in reverse order % svn log -r 8 ... • See logs for a single file % svn log foo.pl ... # shows log messages only for those revisions that foo.pl changed

17. File & Directory Properties (Part 1) • Each files and directory has associated with it a hash of properties • Store any information in the hash • Subversion uses hash key names prefixed with svn: for its own use • In these examples, svn:XXX is a hash key name, it is not a hash key and value pair • Listing properties % svn proplist README.txt Properties on ‘README.txt': svn:eol-style • Getting property value % svn propget svn:eol-style README.txt native

18. File & Directory Properties (Part 2) • Setting a property via the command line • For simple properties, just use the command line interface % svn propset svn:eol-style CRLF README.txt property `svn:eol-style' set on ‘README.txt' • Setting a property via the editor • For complicated values, such as the list of files and subdirectories to ignore which contain a list across multiple lines, load the values into an editor: % svn propedit svn:ignore . Set new value for property `svn:ignore' on `.'

19. Subversion Specific Properties (Part 1) • svn:executable • For files only, sets the executable bit • Useful for scripts and programs • The executable bit is set when the property is applied to the file, not when the commit is performed • The executable bit is removed when this property is removed from the file • The property value does not matter, any value will do • svn:mime-type • SVN assumes a text file if svn:mime-type is not set or is set and matches “text/*”, otherwise it is a binary file • If a file is a text file, SVN can use diff and patch to update changes from the repository

20. Subversion Specific Properties (Part 2) • svn:ignore • For directories only • Same syntax as MANIFEST.SKIP etc • Tells SVN which files and subdirectories to ignore • Equivalent to CVS’s .cvsignore file • svn:keywords • Keyword substitution in files • The only available keyword substitutions are LastChangedDate, LastChangedRevision, LastChangedBy and HeadURL • Only the keywords listed in the svn:keywords property value are replaced in the file • $LastChangedDate: 2002-07-22 21:42:37 -0700 (Mon, 22 Jul 2002) $ • $LastChangedRevision: 144 $ • $LastChangedBy: joe $ • $HeadURL: http://svn.collab.net/repos/trunk/README $

21. Subversion Specific Properties (Part 3) • svn:eol-style • How to handle end of line differences. • Property not set, this is the default when a file is added • Do not change end of lines upon check in or update • Native • Convert all CR, CRLF and LF’s to the system’s native eol • CR • Convert all CRLF and LF’s to CR’s • CRLF • Convert all CR and LF’s to CRLF’s • LF • Convert all CR and CRLF’s to LF’s

22. Tags and branches • Developer copies trunk to a new branch and notes revision of trunk % svn cp –m “Creating branch for working on blabla” \ http://svn.company.com/svn/trunk/product \ http://svn.company.com/svn/branches/USERNAME-working-on-this % svn log -v http://svn.company.com/svn/branches/USERNAME-working-on-this # Prints revision number, say 123 % svn co http://svn.company.com/svn/branches/USERNAME-working-on-this • Make changes • Time to merge work into trunk • But first, merge trunk changes to branch % svn merge –r 123:HEAD http://svn.company.com/svn/trunk/product . # Test new code. % svn commit # Revision 256. • Tree admin now merge changes into trunk % cd /tmp % svn co http://svn.company.com/svn/trunk/product % cd product % svn merge . http://svn.company.com/svn/branches/USERNAME-working-on-this % svn commit

23. For More Information • Subversion home • http://subversion.tigris.org/ • Subversion handbook • http://subversion.tigris.org/files/documents/15/576/svn-handbook.html • Subversion quick reference guide • http://subversion.tigris.org/files/documents/15/177/foo.ps • Subversion document folder • http://subversion.tigris.org/servlets/ProjectDocumentList • Subversion project status • http://subversion.tigris.org/project_status.html • Subversion source code and binary downloads • http://subversion.tigris.org/servlets/ProjectDocumentList