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BOOKER T. WASHINGTON & W.E.B. DUBOIS

BOOKER T. WASHINGTON & W.E.B. DUBOIS. NEGRO STATUS AT TURN OF THE CENTURY. COMPROMISE OF 1877. ENDS RECONSTRUCTION FEDERAL TROOPS WITHDRAW SOUTHERN WHITES SEEK “REDEMPTION.” RETURN OF WHITE SUPREMACY. TACTICS USED. PHYSICAL INTIMIDATION BY KU KLUX KLAN DENIAL OF VOTING RIGHTS BY USE OF:

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BOOKER T. WASHINGTON & W.E.B. DUBOIS

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  1. BOOKER T. WASHINGTON & W.E.B. DUBOIS NEGRO STATUS AT TURN OF THE CENTURY

  2. COMPROMISE OF 1877 • ENDS RECONSTRUCTION • FEDERAL TROOPS WITHDRAW • SOUTHERN WHITES SEEK “REDEMPTION.” RETURN OF WHITE SUPREMACY

  3. TACTICS USED • PHYSICAL INTIMIDATION BY KU KLUX KLAN • DENIAL OF VOTING RIGHTS BY USE OF: • POLL TAX • GRANDFATHER CLAUSE • LITERACY TESTS

  4. “JIM CROW” SEGREGATION • SEPARATE SOCIETIES - ONE WHITE & ONE BLACK • ECONOMIC INTIMIDATION THRU SHARECROPPING SYSTEM AND BLACK CODES

  5. WHITE SUPREMACY BY 1890 • 14TH AND 15TH AMENDMENTS IGNORED • NO EQUAL PROTECTION OF THE LAW • NO VOTING RIGHTS • MOST BLACK ARE SHARECROPPERS

  6. THE SUPREME COURT UPHOLDS JIM CROW • CASE OF PLESSY V FERGUSON 1896 • “IF ONE RACE BE INFERIOR THE CONSTITUTION CANNOT MAKE THEM EQUAL…” • “SEPARATE BUT EQUAL” BECOMES THE RULE

  7. MORE ON PLESSY CASE • VOTE WAS 8 TO 1 • JUSTICE JOHN HARLAN DISSENTED: “THE CONSTITUTION MUST BE COLOR BLIND…” • SEGREGATION BECOMES WAY OF LIFE IN THE SOUTH

  8. HOW SHOULD NEGROES DEAL WITH THEIR STATUS? • SHOULD THEY ACCOMMODATE? • SHOULD THEY CONFRONT THE INJUSTICE? • HOW WOULD YOU HAVE REACTED?

  9. BOOKER T. WASHINGTON • BORN A SLAVE • FOUNDED TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE 1881, IN ALABAMA • WROTEUP FROM SLAVERY • “NEGROES MUST PROVE THEMSELVES WORTHY”

  10. BOOKER T. WASHINGTON

  11. MORE ON WASHINGTON… • BECOME CRAFTSMEN & GOOD WORKERS. SEEK VOCATIONAL EDUCATION • BE A CREDIT TO YOUR RACE • DO NOT SEEK SOCIAL OR POLITICAL EQUALITY

  12. MORE… • WASHINGTON PROPOSED: “ATLANTA COMPROMISE” • “RACES ARE LIKE THE FINGERS OF A HAND. THEY ARE SEPARATE BUT CAN WORK TOGETHER…”

  13. MORE ON WASHINGTON… • “IT IS FOLLY TO SEEK SOCIAL EQUALITY…” • FORGET VOTING RIGHTS • CONFRONTATION WILL MAKE THINGS WORSE • EQUALITY MUST BE EARNED

  14. WHITES HAIL WASHINGTON • PRES. ROOSEVELT INVITES HIM TO WHITE HOUSE • WASHINGTON IS VOICE OF THE NEGRO IN AMERICA • WHY WAS HE SO POPULAR WITH WHITES?

  15. W.E.B. DUBOIS

  16. W.E.B. DUBOIS • REJECTS WASHINGTON’S APPROACH • WROTE:THE SOUL OF BLACK FOLKS, IN 1903 • HELD PH.D. FROM HARVARD

  17. DUBOIS’ APPROACH • BLACKS MUST CONFRONT INJUSTICE & DEMAND RIGHTS • VOCATIONAL EDUCATION LIMITS NEGROES • BLACK COMMUNITY SHOULD FOCUS ON “THE TALENTED TENTH”

  18. MORE ON DUBOIS • POOL RESOURCES TO GIVE TALENTED TENTH HIGHER EDUCATION • THEY WILL BE FUTURE LEADERS & WIN EQUALITY IN COURTS

  19. MORE… • ONE OF FOUNDERS OF NIAGARA MOVEMENT 1905 • AND NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE (N.A.A.C.P.) 1909 • EDITOR OF CRISIS MAGAZINE

  20. DUBOIS ON WASHINGTON: • COMPROMISE IS APPROVAL OF SEGREGATION • WILL ERECT CLASS BARRIERS BASED ON RACE • CONDEMNS NEGROES TO 2ND CLASS CITIZENSHIP

  21. MORE… • WHITES WILL BELIEVE BLACKS ARE SATISFIED WITH INEQUALITY • NEGROES LIKE WASHINGTON HELP WHITES MAINTAIN THE STATUS QUO

  22. WHO DO YOU THINK WAS RIGHT? • WHITES AT THE TIME SAW DUBOIS AS A TROUBLE MAKER • WHITES PRAISED WASHINGTON FOR HIS PATIENCE

  23. WHICH WAY??

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