Mary Patroulis and Steven Inzer

1. Assignment #3Providing Access to Non-Book Resources:Moving Images  in the High School Library Media Center Mary Patroulis and Steven Inzer

2. "If there is a rule, there was probably a problem." Barbara Kwasnik

3. Problem #1Black and White vs. Color Films What's the problem? Description. • Some films, originally shot and printed in black and white, have now been colorized. School libraries may have both the black & white and colorized versions of  films (perhaps in different formats).  • How will the cataloger differentiate between the black  & white and colorized versions? How will the cataloger differentiate between formats?

4. Problem #1Black & White vs. Color Films Example: While Night of the Living Dead was originally printed in black and white, some school district- approved vendors  only offer the colorized version (on DVD). Older formats--like VHS--may be in black & white. Image retrieved from: http://www.horrorstew.com/images/NightColorBoxTop.jpg

5. Problem #2Blu-ray and Other Video Formats What's the problem? Description and Access. Example: Libraries must deal with ever-evolving technology from film-strips to reel-to-reel, to DVD to Blu-ray to.... Image retrieved from: http://www.lmn.org/catalog/images/DVD-Logo.gif http://www.pacificdisc.com/images/bd44.png http://www.geeks.com/techtips/2007/Images/VHS.gif http://www.utahvalley.com/!UserFiles/gallery/stockphotos/Film%20Reel%20iStock_000004540398XSmall.jpg

6. Problem #2Blu-ray and Other Video Formats Early problems with Blu-rays in Libraries:  • Patrons sometimes didn't realize that they need a Blu-ray player in order to view discs. Libraries had to figure out how to label Blu-rays to differentiate between them and DVDs. • The new format meant few existing bibliographic records for discs. This created challenges for catalogers.

7. So one problem is: How will the high school library differentiate between DVDs and Blu-ray discs when cataloging and shelving? How will the library catalog and shelve films presented in different formats? • View from the field:  • “The biggest problem in the first year was that we had to do original cataloging because so few titles had bibliographic records in OCLC, but that's no longer an issue,” [librarian] McDonough says. “Other than that, a few people borrowed Blu-ray discs not realizing they wouldn't work in their DVD players, even though we used separate shelves, signage, and red dots on the spines of HD-DVD cases and blue dots on Blu-ray cases” (Dick, 2009).

8. Problem #3Multiple Creators (Directors, Producers, Screenplay, etc.) What's the Problem? Description. As many of the upcoming examples show, the multiple creators problem is often one of a complex set of issues catalogers must deal with, sometimes for just for one item. This may explain why the American Film Institute informs librarians wishing to work on their project: "Each [film] record typically requires approximately 15-20 hours, including viewing, research, writing, and editing."  http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/faq.aspx?s=

9. Problem #3Multiple Creators (Directors, Producers, Screenplay, etc.)  Example: Flags of Our Fathers(2006): • The film is based on a book by two authors,James Bradleyand Ron Powers. • The book was adapted  by screenwriters Paul Haggis (director of Crash) and William Broyles, Jr.; they wrote the screenplay.  • Clint Eastwood directed the film. • The film had four producers, including Steven Spielberg and Clint Eastwood. (Smaller film projects by less well-known directors can have scores of producers!) Image retrieved from: http://www.world-history-movies.com/image-files/flags-of-our-fathers.jpg

10. Problem #4Pseudonym for the Title What's the problem?  Description. Some films have one title in two languages, such as Mi Vida Loca (see next slide). The dual title reflects the bilingual, bi-cultural world of its subjects. However, cataloging the title is a unique challenge, since the director deliberately titled the film in both both English and Spanish. To privilege one title over the other would undermine the purpose in naming it thus. The cataloger is faced with the problem of how to catalog the title, which is really two titles at once.

11. Problem #4Pseudonym for the Title Some films are released with two titles in two languages. Example: Mi Vida Loca/My Crazy Life (1993) is an American film (1993), written and directed by Allison Anders. The film is based on real-life incidents involving girl gangs; Anders even cast real gang members in the film. Check out the way the film's two titles visually intersect in the image:  Image retrieved from:: http://mdfazal.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/mividalocadvdrip1993wa4.jpg

12. Problem #5Limited Shelf Space What's the problem?  Access. School libraries may not be able to shelve video materials in public areas (because of limited shelf space, problems with theft, ratings issues, etc.) There is an additional problem surrounding how to shelve video materials in different formats. Recent view from the field:  "Napier's biggest concern at this point is space. Blu-ray discs must be shelved separately from standard DVDs to avoid confusion, “and space is already a problem because a lot of libraries are holding onto older AV formats,” she says. (Dick, 2009) "Many of the issues discussed here—e.g., limited shelf space, confusion over format-player compatibility—will no longer be a concern once streaming and downloadable media dominate the market, as they are largely expected to do. But when that will happen, exactly, and whether/how long Blu-ray can coexist with these formats is still unknown. (Dick, 2009 )

13. Problem #6: Where to Place Barcodes What's the Problem? Access and Description Circulation Barcodes, typically placed on the back cover of a book are problematic for DVDs and other film formats.  Because discs may become separated from their cases, one barcode is not enough.  Librarians must either put the barcode on both the disc and the case, or only on the disc.  The latter requires an extra step at the point of circulation as the clerk must open the case in order to scan the item. Image retrieved from: http://search.creativecommons.org/?q=dvd+library+barcode&sourceid=Mozilla-search

14. Problem #7: Special Editions What's the Problem? Description. Special Editions: Special editions include anniversary editions, directors' cuts, and more.  Here's a particularly challenging example: This has a complex title(The Coen  Brothers Movie Collection). In addition, one box contains five discs, one film each; each film has its own title. Plus, this is a special edition. How does the cataloger  even determine  units? Image retrieved from: http://www.amazon.com/Brothers-Collection-Millers-Crossing- Raising/dp/B000V3JGII/ref=sr_1_6?ie=UTF8&qid=1302642651&sr=8-6

15. Problem #8: Unique or Non-Anglo Name of Film or Director What's the problem? Description. For example,Japanese names are typically last name, then first name: Kurosawa Kiyoshi. Should a Kurosawa film be cataloged by the Japanese name order, or by the Anglicized Kiyoshi Kurosawa? (We use the anglicized name for Miyazaki in the next slide, but the problems of multiple creators, how to define units, etc. create additional problems...)

16. More problems with description: How will a cataloger manage to catalog a studio collection? Example:  This is a collection of films produced through Hayao Miyaki's Studio  Ghibli.  • The six-disc set contains eleven films. • The set contains films by two different       directors, Miyakazi and Takahata. • Miyazaki produced all of the films, but directed just six of them. • Some of these films have also been        released in the U.S. through Disney, and        this collection uses Disney dubs and translations, but not Disney special       features. (Does Disney get any credit?) Image retrieved from: http://www.amazon.com/Studio-Ghibli-Movie-Collection/dp/B0016RO6X8/                                                     ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1302645674&sr=

17. Additional Problems and Issues Surrounding Cataloging Moving Images What's the problem? Access.  Theft: According to Linda Freytag and Kathleen Niederpruem of Fayetteville-Manlius High School Library Media Center, popular library items tend to "walk." Every year, the library loses popular books to theft, especially when they are on display. (Graphic novels often disappear.)  One public librarian has said, "Initially, [Blu-ray]  also proved to be more susceptible to theft, so the library now uses locked cases along with security strips/RFID tags" (Dick, 2009).   DVDs and other video materials can't be shelved in the more public areas of the library, where students could easily swipe them. But where will that be?

18. Videos/Films on Reserve: Library-owned films may need to be kept behind the desk, due to theft risks. Teachers may also put department-owned video materials on reserve for student use. How will these be separately cataloged, shelved, and circulated? • Small, uncatalogued collections: Some school library video collections may not even be formally cataloged or regularly circulated. • View from the field: • "In 1995, Jean Weihs and Lynne C. Howarth found that 10.7 percent of Canadian libraries still had not cataloged their videos and that libraries with smaller collections (100,000 items or fewer) were least likely to catalog them according to AACR2." (Ho, 2004). This is despite the fact that libraries had been cataloging video materials for decades. Small school libraries may not even catalog their video collections.

19. More Problems and Issues Surrounding Cataloging Moving Images  What's the problem? Description and Access. Access is unique in school collections.(Public libraries often do allow minors to check out R-rated films , but schools may have rules about age-appropriate materials, especially when it comes to video). • Film ratings problems: • written parental permission may be required to lend R-rated films to high school students. How will those records be kept and accessed? • labeling films by their ratings on labels an in card catalogues. View from the field:High school librarian Linda Freytag only orders video materials that are rated "G," even though she orders books and other materials that contain mature material.

20. Annotated Bibliography American catalog of feature films. (2011). American film institute. (Online Database) Retrieved from http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/default.aspx?s=.  Martin Scorcese loves this amazing database. According to the website, "The AFI Catalog, the most authoritative filmographic database on the web, includes entries on nearly 60,000 American feature-length and 17,000 short films produced from 1893-2011, as well as AFI AWARDS Outstanding Movies of the Year from 2000 through 2010." "The AFI Catalog is a unique filmographic resource providing an unmatched level of comprehensiveness and detail on every feature-length film produced in America or financed by American production companies. Detailed information on cast, crew, plot summaries, subjects, genres and historical notes are included for each film." Dick, J.T. (2009). Bracing for blu-ray. Library Journal, Retrieved from http://www.libraryjournal.com/lj/ljinprintcurrentissue/856083-403/bracing_for_blu-ray.html.csp This informative article discusses the issues involved with evolving video formats. As libraries began collecting and circulating Blu-rays, there were various issues involving labeling, shelving, and cataloging. This article looks forward to a video future without physical video formats.

21. Frost, C. O. (1989). Media access and organization: a cataloging and reference sources guide for nonbook materials. Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited, Inc. Intended for the use of librarians, this book provides assistance when dealing with issues of "organization, description and retrieval of nonbook materials."  Included are illustrations and discussions of cataloging rules.  Ho, J. (2004). Cataloging practices and access methods for videos at ARL and public libraries in the united states. Library Resources & Technical Services, 48(2), 107. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/216888156?accountid=14214 . While a bit dated, this comprehensive, well-researched academic study discusses (as the title suggests) current and best practices for cataloging and providing access to video materials in libraries. School libraries will find the subject matter very current, as school libraries sometimes lag a bit behind academic libraries in their collections. Minchew, T. L. H. (2006). Dvd cataloging basics. Unpublished manuscript, Library Technical Services, Georgia Perimeter College, Clarkston, GA. Retrieved from http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~tminchew/dvdcatalogingbasics.pdf Created as a powerpoint, this nineteen-slide presentation contains excellent information, discussion and illustrations of many of the AACRII rules found in Chapter 7 regarding cataloging moving images.

22. Works Cited American catalog of feature films. (2011). American film institute. (Online Database) Retrieved from http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/default.aspx?s=. Dick, J.T. (2009). Bracing for blu-ray. Library Journal, Retrieved from http://www.libraryjournal.com/lj/ljinprintcurrentissue/856083-403/bracing_for_blu-ray.html.csp  Freytag, L. and K. Niederpruem. Personal interview. 2 April 2011. Ho, J. (2004). Cataloging practices and access methods for videos at ARL and public libraries in the united states. Library Resources & Technical Services, 48(2), 107. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/216888156?accountid=14214