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SQUARES, TANGENTS, and Mountain Operations Richard Pearl

SQUARES, TANGENTS, and Mountain Operations Richard Pearl. High Altitude… Low Altitude. What’s the Big Deal?. FAMOUS AVIATION SAYINGS. A Good Landing is Where The Plane Can be Used Again (immediately) I Can Put the Ship down Anywhere; Here, Watch Me Runway Behind You is Useless

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SQUARES, TANGENTS, and Mountain Operations Richard Pearl

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  1. SQUARES, TANGENTS, and Mountain OperationsRichard Pearl

  2. High Altitude…Low Altitude What’s the Big Deal?

  3. FAMOUS AVIATION SAYINGS • A Good Landing is Where The Plane Can be Used Again (immediately) • I Can Put the Ship down Anywhere; Here, Watch Me • Runway Behind You is Useless • Take-Offs Are Optional… Landings are Mandatory

  4. Definitions: • Pressure Altitude: Altitude Indicated on an Altimeter set to barometric pressure of 29.92 • Density Altitude: Pressure Altitude Corrected for Non Standard Temperature (59 degrees F) • True Airspeed: Actual airspeed of the aircraft through the Air mass.

  5. Density Altitude • Increased Pressure (lower altitude) = increased molecular compaction • Higher altitude = Lower Pressure = decreased molecular pressure = higher true airspeed. • Indicated airspeed is the Same at all Levels Except that True Airspeed Increases with Altitude

  6. Points to Understand: • True Airspeed Increases 2% per 1,000 ft. of altitude • Each Knot of Airspeed > POH = Additional 100 Ft. (or 2%) of Runway Required * • Each 10 Ft. Of Excess altitude at Threshold = Additional 200 ft. of Runway Required * * Excl. use of Spoilers

  7. Critical Points to Remember • Energy is Proportional to Mass X Speed X Speed • Landing Distance Increases by the Square of the ratio of the True Touchdown Speed to Normal Speed

  8. Effect of Increased Speed on Landing:Assume 60 Kt. Normal: • Example 1: • 66 Kts. Actual (10%); • 1.1 X 1.1 = 21% incr. in landing distance • Example 2: • 60 Kts. + 5 Kts. (kids/Wife/dog) + 5 Kts. Anxiety = 70 Kts. X D.A. of 8,000 ft. (= 16% incr.) = 81 Kts.True Airspeed 21 Kts. (35%) = 1.35 X 1.35 = 82 % Incr. in landing distance (excludes panic braking)

  9. Turn Radius/Diameter: • Turn Radius is Proportional to Velocity Squared: R = V2 g tan (b) 45 degree bank = V2/11.26 At 60 Kts.: 60 X 60/11.26 = 320 ft. At 80 Kts.: 80 X 80/11.26 = 568 +248 X 2 = 498 ft Extra Ft.

  10. Turn Radius: 30 Degree Bank 45 Degree Bank 40 Kts True; 185 ft. 40 Kts True; 107 ft. 60 Kts True; 417 ft. 60 Kts True; 240 ft. 80 Kts True; 428 ft. 80 Kts True; 740 ft. Note: Turn from Downwind to Final is 2X above

  11. REAL LIFE FLYING,ORWHAT DOES THIS MEAN TO ME?

  12. TRUCKEE AIRPORT Displ. Rwy Rw 19 Flight Ops 2,400 ft. Lone Tree Rw 28

  13. Byron Airport 4,500 ft 12 30 23 Jump Zone 5

  14. Summary • Safety is Job # 1; Precision is Job # 2 • Speed is the Enemy of Precision • How Do You Get To Carnegie Hall?....

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