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UNIV. BRAWIJAYA. L itter layer, population density of earthworm and soil macroporosity. Widianto, K. Hairiah, W.S. Dewi, Hascaryo, D. Saputra, F.K. Aini, D. Suprayogo, N.Khasanah and M. van Noordwijk. Conversion of forest to coffee-based Agroforestry in Indonesia:. Suprayogo09@yahoo.com.
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UNIV. BRAWIJAYA Litter layer, population density of earthworm and soil macroporosity Widianto, K. Hairiah, W.S. Dewi, Hascaryo, D. Saputra, F.K. Aini, D. Suprayogo, N.Khasanah and M. van Noordwijk Conversion of forest to coffee-based Agroforestry in Indonesia: Suprayogo09@yahoo.com
Land Cover in Sumatra (West Lampung) Land Cover in East Java (Malang)
Hydrology function of ‘forest’: cloud interception lanscape ? rainfall canopy water evaporation Forest transpiration surface evaporation tree through-fall surface run-on stem-flow Flow: { infiltrasi surface run-off Quick flow recharge sub-surfacelateral inflow Soil lateral outflow uptake base flow percolation
Forest Agriculture:Monoculture / Polyculture Thickness of Surface Litter Slope and rainfall Decomposition & Mineralisation Protection to soil surface Earthworm Other macrofauna Macroporosity & Water Infiltration SOM Run - off Water Quality
Reduced Run-off IF: • Good and long soil cover ~ Litter thickness, slowly decomposed litter • High soil roughness ~ branches, understorey • Good water infiltration ~ enough soil macro pore
SUMATRA West Lampung JAVA Malang
Survey 1.Forest 2.Multistrata coffee 4.Monoculture Coffee 3. Shaded coffee
Do litter composition of LUS differs one to another? • Litterfall • Prunning
Annual Litter Input in Sumatra
Annual Litter input and its quality of various LUS in Java (L+P)/N > 10 low quality slow decompose (Van Lauwe et al, 1997)
Measurement of Earthworm Cast production weekly observed
Anterior Genetal pore & TP Prostomium cocon Seta Dominant Spesies in Indonesian Agriculture: Pontoscolexcorethrurus Taken by: Dewi Total: 11 species Klitelum Taken by: Fragoso
Earthworm population Number anecic + endogeic Forest: Amynthas gracillis & Peryonix excavatus (bigger size) Coffee based: Dichogaster bolaui (smaller size)
Role of Earthworm and Roots on Macropore (Lavelle, 1997) (Van Noordwijk, 1985)
100 cm Macropore in- vertical plane Forest 30 cm 30 cm 30 cm 30 cm 20 % Coffee-based Agroforestry 8 % 6 % 12 % Coffee monoculture Imperata grassland
Litter, earthworm, roots and Macropore Dewi et al., 2006) Macropore = 0.78 Roots – 15.6 B/Pnon-Pontoscolex+ 5.02 Litter thickness (R2 = 0.98**) Managing Crop Diversity is the key factor for maintaining Soil macropore
“SoilStructDyn” (as a part of WaNuLCAS model) Van Noordwijk et al, 2005 Litter Input (various shade trees in AF coffee based systems) LITTER LAYER Worm Biomass Worm size+po-pulation Worm Activity SOM Macro pore
Better litter layer improved soil macroporosity and Water infiltration • Improvement of macroporosity in AF ~ Size of Earthworms (anecic group) • A combination of trees with slowly decomposing litter protect the soil surface, and trees with deep root systems create macroporosity
Acknowledgement This activity was funded by ACIAR- ICRAF S.E. Asia, Ministry of Education (DIKTI- A2 Program) and CIFOR - Tropical Forest and Climate Change Adaptation (TroFCCA) project