What international organization was formed after WWII to try & solve problems that might lead to WWIII? Identify th

1. What international organization was formed after WWII to try & solve problems that might lead to WWIII? Identify three main components of this org.. • United Nations; Security Council, General Assembly, International Court, Economic and Social Council

2. What economic plan was supposed to keep Western European Nations free from Comm. after WWII? What country sponsored it? • Marshall Plan, the United States

3. Which side did the U.S. (and the U.N.) support in the Korean War? Who supported the other side? • the South, the USSR

4. What was the end result of the Korean War? • N. Korea stays Comm., S. Korea free, DMZ in middle (along the 38th parallel)

5. What were the two main treaty organizations of the Cold War? • NATO (U.S. led) & Warsaw Pact (USSR led)

6. What U.S. doctrine vowed to support all resistors of communism wherever they may be? • Truman Doctrine

7. How did the U.S. respond to the Soviets cutting off access to West Berlin in 1948? • Berlin Airlift (carrying in supplies to West )

8. What officially started the arms race in 1949? • The soviets tested an atomic bomb

9. What made it possible for the U.S. to avoid a major post-war economic slump? • Marshall Plan and people spent what they had saved during the war

10. Who finally comes to power in China in 1949? What type of government did he set up? • Mao Zedong, Communist Dictatorship

11. Where did Mao’s opponents, the nationalist Koumintang, flee? Are they still in power there? • Taiwan, Yes

12. Name two things Khrushchev did to lessen Stalin’s influence. • some freedoms, agricultural reform, more consumer goods, Secret Speech

13. How did some of the satellite states respond to Khrushchev’s reforms? How did the soviets respond to this? • Tried to break away from the Soviet Union, sent in the military to squash the uprisings

14. What did the U.S. response to the European crises of 1956 demonstrate? • We were unwilling to intervene behind the Iron Curtain

15. What communist dictator rose to power in Cuba in the late 1950’s? What did he do that angered Americans? • Fidel Castro, seized American properties and favored the Soviets

16. What is the name for the doctrine that says your enemy won’t attack you if he knows you can retaliate? • Mutually Assured Destruction

17. At the peak of the arms race, how many times over could the U.S. & the USSR have blown up the world? • 10

18. What 1963 movie made a farce of everyone’s deep seeded fear of Nuclear Holocaust? • Dr. Strangelove (…or how I learned to stop worrying and love the bomb)

19. What was the U-2 incident? How did it affect relations between the superpowers? • The Soviets shot down and American spy plane and captured the pilot, relations took a turn for the worse

20. What step did the U.S. take to try and remove Castro from power in 1961? • the invasion at the Bay of Pigs

21. Why did the Soviets put up the Berlin Wall in 1961? • Embarrassed by the flow of immigrants fleeing East Germany

22. Where did the Soviets attempt to set up missiles in October of 1962? How did the U.S. respond? • Cuba, naval blockade (this is the Cuban Missile Crisis)

23. What was the outcome of this crisis? • U.S. promises not to invade Cuba again, USSR takes back its missiles

24. How did the Soviets respond to the 1968 uprising in Czechoslovakia? • sent in troops

25. Who led Vietnamese resistance to French control? • Ho Chi Minh

26. What Soviet leader helped hasten their collapse by pushing for an arms buildup in the late 70s & early 80s? • Leonid Brezhnev

27. What was Détente? What did it allow to happen? • A lessening of tension between the superpowers, new treaties (on arms buildup, etc.)

28. What important commodity did the U.S. start selling to the Soviets during Détente? • Grain

29. Who’s set of major reforms brought an end to the USSR? • Gorbachev

30. What were the two parts of Gorbachev’s reforms? • perestroika and glasnost

31. How did the satellite states respond to the weakness of the USSR in 1989? • “revolted” for independence

32. Identify four areas that “revolted” in 1989. • Poland, E Ger., Czech., Romania, Hungary,

33. What movement led to independence for Poland in 1989? • solidarity

34. How did the U.S. respond to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1980? • By boycotting the 1980 Moscow Olympics and putting an embargo on grain

35. Who was the unlikely ally in the Vatican for the Solidarity movement? • Pope John Paul II

36. How did Czechs respond when the gov’t tried to crack down on the first wave of demonstrations in 1989? • Even larger demonstrations

37. Who became the first president in Czechoslovakia after the Revolution of 1989? What was he before he was president? • Vaclav Havel, a dissident playwright

38. What was the major issue in Czech after 1989? How was it resolved? • Ethnic tension between Czechs & Slovaks, split nation into Czech Republic and Slovakia

39. What incident sparked revolution in Romania? What happened to their repressive leader? • The murder of thousands of demonstrators by the Secret Police, he was captured and executed

40. What contributed to the collapse of the communist dictatorship in East Germany? • economic slump and repressive government

41. What symbol of the Cold War was torn down by demonstrators when the German border was opened? • the Berlin Wall

42. What is the basic nature of the problem in the former Yugoslavia? • many different ethnic/religious groups, discrimination outside common areas