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Outline. Governor Pat Neff The Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s Governor Miriam Ferguson Governor Dan Moody. Pat Neff (I). Governor from 1920-24 Worked for creation of State Parks System & Texas Tech Univ. Supported state highway building

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Outline

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  1. Outline • Governor Pat Neff • The Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s • Governor Miriam Ferguson • Governor Dan Moody

  2. Pat Neff (I) • Governor from 1920-24 • Worked for creation of State Parks System & Texas Tech Univ. • Supported state highway building • Proposed reforms in ed., prisons, etc., but got little from the Legislature

  3. Pat Neff (II) • A Strong “dry” Baptist; fought hard to enforce Prohibition • Neff failed to criticize KKK efforts outside the law to enforce Prohibition

  4. Ku Klux Klan (I) • 2nd Klan formed in 1915 • Anti-black, anti-immigrant, & anti-“modern” (dress/sexual behavior/movies/science/etc.) • Ultra-patriotic + strongly pro-Prohibition

  5. Ku Klux Klan (II) • A nat’l group, not just southern • Main support from rural residents + urban residents from rural areas • Dallas = Klan stronghold

  6. Ku Klux Klan (III) • Klansmen often went overboard in vigilantism • Resorted to whippings or worse to “maintain order” (80 whipped in 1921 alone)

  7. Ku Klux Klan (IV) • Anti-Klan backlash in Texas began in 1922 • Result of brutal beating of a white woman suspected of adultery • Many Texas newspapers openly condemned the Klan for its methods

  8. Hiram Wesley Evans • Dallas dentist; became nat’l Klan leader in 1922 • Organized boycotts vs. anti-Klan newspapers/advertisers • Led the Klan’s move into state politics • Earle Mayfield chosen to be Texas Klan candidate for the US Senate in 1922

  9. James Ferguson • Mayfield’s opponent; claimed his banning not applicable to US Senate • Rallied anti-Klan & “wets”; Mayfield rallied the Klan & “drys” • Mayfield won close Dem. primary & soon elected to the US Senate

  10. Felix Robertson • In 1924, the Klan supported Felix Robertson for governor, who supported: • End to foreign immigration & foreign language newspapers in Texas • Prohibition, white supremacy, & the USA

  11. James Ferguson (II) • Challenged Robertson; claimed his banning not legal b/c he resigned before convicted • Texas Supreme Court ruled otherwise, leading to the candidacy of . . .

  12. Miriam A. “Ma” Ferguson • 49 yr. old mother w/ no previous political experience • Jim spoke for her on the campaign trail • Pro-rural schools, anti-Klan, anti-Prohibition, & anti-UT

  13. Miriam A. “Ma” Ferguson • Won close run-off Dem. primary & gen. election • 1st woman elected TX gov. & 1st (tied) in US history • Jim Ferguson ran her administration

  14. Mounting Criticism of the Fergusons • Generous pardon policies, esp. for Prohibition offenses • Solicitation for ads in Ferguson-run journal (no ads bought = no business w/ the state gov’t) • Accusations of improper awarding of highway contracts

  15. Dan Moody (I) • 33 yr. old state Attorney General • Elected after prosecuting high-profile Klan cases • Investigated wrongdoing w/ contracts by the Ferguson-appointed State Highway Commission

  16. Dan Moody (II) • Proved that Ferguson supporters given contracts even when outbid + poor work done • Jim Ferguson accused the “Boy Wonder” of trying to embarrass his wife & take her job – he was! • Moody ran an anti-Klan & anti-Ferguson campaign

  17. Dan Moody (III) • Thumped “Ma” by 2-to-1 in Dem. primary runoff • Easily won gen. election to become youngest TX gov. • Sought many reforms, but got little from the Legislature during 2 terms

  18. Key Terms/Concepts Pat Neff Ku Klux Klan Hiram Wesley Evans Earle Mayfield James Ferguson Felix Robertson Miriam A. “Ma” FergusonState Highway Commission Dan Moody

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