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Ch 8

Ch 8. ATP and Energy Dr. Laurie Solis. ATP. ATP’s bonds are broken through hydrolysis This releases energy ATP  ADP This reaction is exergonic: reactions that occur spontaneously and result in a loss of energy Example: Cellular respiration (C 6 H 12 O 6 +6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O

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Ch 8

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  1. Ch 8 ATP and Energy Dr. Laurie Solis

  2. ATP • ATP’s bonds are broken through hydrolysis • This releases energy • ATP  ADP • This reaction is exergonic: reactions that occur spontaneously and result in a loss of energy • Example: Cellular respiration (C6H12O6+6O26CO2+ 6H2O • Another way to look at the above equation is through the caloric loss of calories: DG= -686 kcal

  3. ATP • The process of ATP being broken down simply through hydrolysis is: • ATP + H2O  ADP + (P) • Another way to look at it in terms of loss of calories is: DG= -7.3kcal • All three of the phosphate groups in ATP are negatively charged, which is why when hydrolysis occurs, a lot of energy is released. *(P) = Inorganic Phosphate

  4. ATP and Work • When ATP is in a test tube, it heats up the surrounding water. • This is because it is releasing free energy into the water

  5. ATP and Work • When you shiver from the cold, shivering is using ATP hydrolysis during muscle contraction to generate heat and warm the body

  6. Enzymes • Enzymes speed up metabolic reactions by lowering energy barriers • Enzymes are Catalysts – they make things happen

  7. Enzymes • Let’s assume for a moment, the world did not have enzymes… • How would DNA bases break their bonds? • Molecules would have to become hot on their own • Reach a high temperature to break the bonds

  8. Enzymes

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