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Chapter 3

Chapter 3. Section 3. Amphibians. Amphibian: Ectothermic vertebrate that spends its early life in water Amphibians spend their adulthood on land They return to water to reproduce. Amphibians. Reproduction: They lay eggs in the water Eggs hatch into larvae that swim

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Chapter 3

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  1. Chapter 3 Section 3

  2. Amphibians • Amphibian: • Ectothermic vertebrate that spends its early life in water • Amphibians spend their adulthood on land • They return to water to reproduce

  3. Amphibians • Reproduction: • They lay eggs in the water • Eggs hatch into larvae that swim • Have gills to obtain oxygen • Undergo metamorphosis • As adults they have lungs • Obtain oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide through their thin, moist skin

  4. Amphibians http://static.ddmcdn.com/gif/frog-life-cycle.gif

  5. Circulation • Tadpole circulatory system • Single loop while they have gills • Like fish • Adult circulatory system • Double loop when they have lungs • 1st loop: Blood flows from heart to lungs and skin to pick up oxygen • 2nd loop: Blood flows to the rest of the body to deliver oxygen-rich blood

  6. Circulation http://universe-review.ca/I10-82-circulatory.jpg

  7. Circulation • Chambers of the heart: • Atria: two upper chambers of the heart that receive blood • 1 receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs • The other receives oxygen-poor blood from the body • Ventricle: lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out to the lungs and the body • Oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood mix here

  8. Circulation http://www.coolcompanions.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/The-three-chambered-frog-heart-mixes.jpg

  9. Circulation http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/frog-heart.gif

  10. Amphibians • Reproduction: • Male frogs or “peepers” using a call to attract mates • Most frogs and toads use external reproduction • Female releases eggs that are fertilized by sperm • Salamanders use internal reproduction • Eggs are fertilized before they are laid

  11. Amphibians • Reproduction: • Eggs are coated with a clear jelly to remain moist • Tiny embryo develops • Few days later larvae wriggle out of the jelly

  12. Amphibians

  13. Amphibians • Care: • Most young are on their own right away • Exceptions: • South American River Toad • Male presses the eggs into the female’s back

  14. Metamorphosis • Metamorphosis • Hind legs appear • Changes in the skeleton, circulatory system, and digestive system • Front legs appear • Loses its gills and starts to breathe with lungs • Frogs and toad adults look different than larvae • Salamander larvae resemble the adult

  15. Metamorphosis http://dj003.k12.sd.us/SCHOOL%20NOTES/029%20Life%20cycle%20of%20a%20frog.jpg

  16. Metamorphosis

  17. Moving on Land • Adaptations to life on land: • Strong skeleton • Muscular limbs • 1st vertebrates to have legs • Eyes • Transparent membrane to keep them from drying out • Eyelids

  18. Moving on Land

  19. Moving on Land

  20. Frogs and Toads • Adaptations • Powerful hind-leg muscles • Skeleton to absorb shock • Webbed feet and long toes – Bullfrogs • Adhesive suckers – Tree frogs

  21. Frogs and Toads • Distinguish a frog from a toad: • Frog skin is smooth and moist • Toad skin is dry and bumpy • Toads have lumps behind their eyes • Contain a poisonous liquid when attacked

  22. Frog vs. Toad

  23. Frogs and Toads • What do they eat? • Tadpoles • Herbivore • Adult Frogs and Toads • Predators that eat insects or small animals • Camouflaged to blend into their environment • Brownish green to blend into ponds

  24. Salamanders • Keep their tails as adults • Legs are not adapted for jumping • Some live in water their whole life while other live on land • Some do not have lungs • They obtain oxygen through their moist skin • Do not return to water to reproduce • Lay their eggs on land in moist places

  25. Salamanders

  26. Amphibians in Danger • In danger due to habitat destruction • Swamps are filled in • Forest is cut • Moist area becomes dry • Environmental poisons • Insecticides and other chemicals pollute water

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