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Central Processing Units

Central Processing Units. CPU Form and Function. Central Processing Unit (CPU). CPUs are the “brain” of a computer. In general, the CPU has 4 jobs: Fetch instructions and data from Memory Decode instructions and data Execute the operation (add, subtract, etc.) on the data

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Central Processing Units

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  1. Central Processing Units CPU Form and Function

  2. Central Processing Unit (CPU) • CPUs are the “brain” of a computer. • In general, the CPU has 4 jobs: • Fetch instructions and data from Memory • Decode instructions and data • Execute the operation (add, subtract, etc.) on the data • Writeback the response to memory • Modern CPUs have components designed to handle each of these jobs • Data Cache(s) • Instruction Cache(s) and Decoders • Arithmetic Logic Units (ALUs) • Floating Point Units (FPUs) • Data Pipelines

  3. CPU Performance • Many factors determine the performance of a CPU for a given task. • Clock Rates – The number of times per second the various components of a CPU can perform a task. • Parallelism – The ability for a CPU to perform more than one task during a clock cycle. • Instruction level parallelism • CPU Design Efficiency • Thread level parallelism • Multiple core systems with threaded applications • Data level parallelism • ?????

  4. Bottlenecks… • Avoiding Idle Components • For example: • Example CPU #1: • 15 Computing Cores • 1 Instruction Processing Unit • Example CPU #2: • 2 Computing Cores • 2 Instruction Processing Units • The more efficient CPU will perform better at a given clock rate. • Currently, Intel CPUs have a clear advantage in efficiency over AMD CPUs.

  5. Intel P3 Series Architecture(1998-1999)

  6. AMD K7 Series Processor Architecture(1999)

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