Cultural Diversity

1. Cultural Diversity Unit 2: Culture

2. Cultural Change Culture changes over time as norms, values and beliefs change over time There are 3 reasons for cultural change Discovery Invention Diffusion

3. Discovery/Invention/Diffusion Discovery: Culture is changed as societies discover something that already exists Ex. Women as professional athletes Invention: Culture is changed as something new is created. Inventions have been changing the world for centuries Ex. Cell Phones Diffusion: Culture is changed as aspects of another culture are borrowed Ex. Food (McDonald�s all over the world)

4. Cultural Diversity Diversity exists in all society Social categories cause some of this diversity (Groupings of people who share social characteristics-- age, religion) Cultural diversity also comes from groups who are different from the larger culture. These groups participate in the larger culture but have some way of thinking or behaving that sets them apart Subcultures and Countercultures

5. Subcultures Subculture: group that is part of the dominant culture but differs in some important respects Doctors (speak their own language) Some ethnic groups whose foods or language set them apart (Chinatown) Religious groups

6. Countercultures Counterculture: a subculture that is deliberately and consciously opposed to the the beliefs or attitudes of the dominant culture Something about the group�s values or norms place it in opposition to the larger culture Ex. Heavy Metal adherents who glorify Satan, sexism, hatred, and violence are an example of counterculture

7. Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism: judging others in terms of one�s cultural statements As people learn their culture they become committed to it and struggle to see life in any other way Examples: The Olympics give countries a chance to show their �strength.� Countries who perform well are seen as �strong�

8. Cultural Universals Cultural Universals: Traits that exist in all societies Researchers have identified 70 traits that are common to all societies Economy, Institutions, Language, Environment, Recreation, & Arts What do you think are some universals? Look on page 102 to see the list

9. How are Universals Expressed Cultural universals are not always carried out in the same ways Cultural Particulars: The ways that a culture expresses their universal trait Child Care: who is the primary caregiver varies on the society

10. Why do we have Universals Why do cultural universals exists? Because of the biological similarity of humans Care for young & ill/Food for all Because of the physical environment Shelter from elements, armies to settle disputes Societies share many of the same societal problems New members need to be taught culture to survive