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XHOSA

XHOSA. Presentation by: Bradley Setzer. Background Information. Found primarily in Eastern Cape province, South Africa. The people speak mutually comprehensible parlances of a Bantu language of the  Niger-Congo group.

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XHOSA

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  1. XHOSA Presentation by: Bradley Setzer

  2. Background Information • Found primarily in Eastern Cape province, South Africa. • The people speak mutually comprehensible parlances of a Bantu language of the Niger-Congogroup. • They are the second largest cultural group in South Africa. The first is Zulu. • There are multiple Xhosa clans that include the Gqunkhwebe,Ndlambe, Rharhabe, Ngqika, and the Gcaleka.

  3. Founding and Conflicts • Founded by a man named Tshaweby defeating the Cirha and the Jwarha groups. • Around the late 18th centuryAfrikaners migrating from Cape Town came into struggle with Xhosa pastoralists near the Eastern Cape. (Region of the Fish River • 1811 to 1812 the Xhosas were forced east by Britishcolonial forces. • Due to the apartheid, many Xhosa were denied South African citizenship, and thousands were compulsorily transferred to areas in Transkei and Ciskei, which were proclaimed independent countries by apartheid government.

  4. Religion and Beliefs • The Xhosa believe in a Supreme called theuThixo or also known as uQamata. • Religious practice is notable by extravagant and drawn-out rituals, commencements, and feasts.  • The people also have various rites of passage including: after giving birth; a mother must remain isolated in her house for at least ten days, and male and female circumcision in which boys cover their body from head to toe in white clay and live in special huts, while females observe food restrictions. (There is no actual surgical operation for the female.)

  5. Language • As stated in slide two, the Xhosa speak a language that is part of the Nguni language family. • An estimated 7 million South Africans speak it. • Defined by a clicking sound. • Below is a video describing the language. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrK-XVCwGnI

  6. Prominent People • Nelson Mandela (Rolihlahla)- Of the Thembu tribe. Former South African President. • Makhaya Ntini-  first ethnically black player to play for the South African Cricket team. • Desmond Tutu- Retired Anglican bishop who opposed apartheid.

  7. Globalization • Though many tribes of the Xhosa people still follow many timeless traditions, such as “virginity checks” for females, the brown snake being a sign of good fortune, and the “lobola” (marriage offering). Signs of global connection are present, such as going to college.

  8. Works Cited • http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/12/photogalleries/south_africa_faces/images/primary/Xhosa.jpg • http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/650753/Xhosa • http://www.sahistory.org.za/people-south-africa/xhosa • http://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/02/xhosa-peoplesouth-africas-ancient.html • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrK-XVCwGnI • http://www.history.com/topics/nelson-mandela • http://www.espncricinfo.com/usa/content/player/46592.html#profile • http://www.biography.com/people/desmond-tutu-9512516 • http://www.capechameleon.co.za/printed-version/issue-3/human-rights/

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