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AS-74.330 Post-Graduate Course on Control Engineering Spring 2003: Complex Systems

AS-74.330 Post-Graduate Course on Control Engineering Spring 2003: Complex Systems. AS-74.330. Post-graduate course of the HUT Control Engineering Laboratory Changing themes, can be taken many times All material/presentations in English

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AS-74.330 Post-Graduate Course on Control Engineering Spring 2003: Complex Systems

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  1. AS-74.330Post-Graduate Course on Control EngineeringSpring 2003:Complex Systems

  2. AS-74.330 • Post-graduate course of the HUT Control Engineering Laboratory • Changing themes, can be taken many times • All material/presentations in English • 6 credits out of 25-30 (major) or 10-15 (minor)

  3. This is HOT!

  4. Complex systems? • Starting point (here): Simple basic system structure, complexity resulting from massive iteration • Keyword is EMERGENCE of ORDER: • When a large number of lower-level constructs are combined, new patterns of functionality or structures (hopefully) pop up

  5. System complex System complex Behavior chaotic Behavior chaotic Result fractal Result fractal

  6. Claims • ”All natural processes are best explained in terms of cellular automata” • ”All natural systems are cellular automata” • ”The same ideas solve the problems in biology, sociology, ...” • ”Old mathematics (physics, biology, ethics, etc.) must be forgotten” WHAT ...?!

  7. Form vs. function? Interesting emergent forms?

  8. Course objective Try to see the big picture. Be prepared to contribute to ”science in the making”. • Possibilities and threats • Basic paradigms and approaches • Concrete environments for emergence • Example applications.

  9. Course pages http://www.control.hut.fi/kurssit/AS-74.330/index.html

  10. Read the news!

  11. Use Internet! Links accessible through course pages: • Complex systems research • General bookmarks • Related journals • Research institutions • Information on LaTeX • Search machines

  12. Publication • The texts will be collected together and they will be published in the Control Engineering Laboratory publication series • Texts will be written using LaTeX, following the formatting guidelines • ... an exercise in scientific writing!

  13. Session outline • Exercises to be returned before session start • Preliminary versions of the Chapter handed out (can be copied in the Lab if in time) • Some two-hour presentations, slides with PowerPoint, if possible • Discussion • Feedback forms returned.

  14. Session 2 January 22. New Kind of ScienceReino VirrankoskiMaterial (for example!) from Stephen Wolfram: "A New Kind of Science" and Steven Johnson: "Emergence - The Connected Lives of Ants, Brains, Cities, and Software". The goal is to informally give insight in the huge promises ...

  15. Session 3 January 29. ... or End of Science?Heikki PistoMaterial from John Horgan: "End of Science". This shows the highly controversial nature of the claims concerning complex systems - and it also criticizes the "ironic science" in general!

  16. Session 4 February 5. Architecture of Complex SystemsEugene M. BurmakinMaterial from Herbert A. Simon: "Sciences of the Artificial". The role of hierarchies as general structures spanning any complex systems is presented, and motivations for this fact is given; ideas of "empty world" and "almost decomposability" are coined.

  17. Session 5 February 12. Towards DecentralizationMatti SaastamoinenMaterial from Stuart J. Russell, Peter Norvig: "Artificial Intelligence - Modern Approach", etc. Agents and their interactions as a framework for mastering complexity in current AI paradigms is presented, resulting in extreme decentralization of processing and control.

  18. Session 6 February 19. Networks of AgentsJani KaartinenMaterial from Albert-Lazslo Barabasi: "Linked". How everything is networked rather than hierarchically organized.

  19. Session 7 February 26. Cellular AutomataJuan LiMaterial (again) from Stephen Wolfram: "A New Kind of Science". How all higher-level organization has to be abandoned?

  20. Session 8 March 5. Chaos TheoryBoris KrassiMaterial from Robert Devaney: "An Introduction to Chaotic Dynamical Systems", etc. Role of nonlinearity. Introduction to ideas of deterministic chaos, bifurcations, fractals, strange attractors, and "Feigenbaumian universality" ...

  21. Session 9 March 12. Research Based on SimulationsLasse ErikssonMaterial from Per Bak, Kan Chen: "Self-Organized Criticality", John Doyle: WWW Homepages, etc. Further innovations about phase transitions, edge of chaos, highly optimized tolerance, ...

  22. Session 10 March 19. Self-Similarity and Power LawsTiina KomulainenMaterial from the Web. How the "Zipf law" seems to govern all naturally evolved systems, and how such qualitative studies can be utilized in artificial systems.

  23. Session 11 March 26. Turing's Lure, Gödel's CurseAbouda AbdullaMaterial from Elwyn Berlekamp, John Conway, Richard Guy: "Winning Ways" (Vol. 2, Chapter 25), etc. How it can be theoretically shown that simple nonlinearities can produce mindboggling complexity - and how this universal might actually collapses everything!

  24. Session 12 April 2. Control of Large-Scale SystemsJari HätönenMaterial by Lauri Hakkala, etc. How the problem of complexity used to be attacked applying hierarchic control, applying optimal control theory before anybody spoke of robustness.

  25. Session 13 April 9. Qualitative ApproachesPetteri KangasMaterial from John Sterman: "Business Dynamics - Systems Thinking and Modeling for a Complex World". Forgetting about details and numbers, it can be easier to motivate the ideas of System Dynamics to those who are controlling the complex systems ...

  26. Session 14 April 16. Towards a Systemic View of Complexity?Yuba Raj AdhikariMaterial from the Web. How emergent patterns could be controlled? How to make something interesting emerge? How to see emergent processes in a perspective? What kind of "holistic" mathematical tools might be available when analyzing complex automation systems?

  27. Goal: Homogeneity • Presentations (oral/textual) should not be too superficial, and not too mathematical • Try to see wider perspectives, historical developments and connections, etc. • Give representative examples! (It goes without saying: Quality is another central goal)

  28. YOU make it roll! • WHO are you? • WHERE do you come from? • WHY are you taking this course? • WHAT do you already know about the subject?

  29. Heikki Hyötyniemi • Chairman of the Finnish Artificial Intelligence Society (FAIS) 1999 – 2002 • About 100 scientific publications • Professor since Nov. 1, 2001 on Complex Systems

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