Advanced Strategies for Municipal Waste Management Planning

1. Integrated Solid Waste Management Kutaisi – Accompanying Technical Training – 5th Training “MunicipalWaste Management Planning“ Basic options/decisionsforcollectionandcontainersettingsSomeplanningadvice providedbyJan Reichenbach, International Expert for Solid Waste Management

2. Basic decisions - collection • Optimizecollection in alreadyconnectedareasand/orextendtootherareas howtoachievetargetsforcollectioncoverage howtoensurecostefficientoperations • Introducingseparationatsource forwhat, where, when, how • Involvingthe private sectoror not generallyyesorno, ifyeswhereandwhere not howto do it/not to do it (deliveryobligations) • Strivingforautarkyorengage in cooperativesolutions • Building on citizensparticpationortrust on obedientpopulation wheretowhatextent

3. Basic decisionsandoptions (I) 70% ofinhabitants Decs.: addcontainertointensifycollection Res.: 60% >> 80% 85% ofinhabitants Decs.: providecontainer Res.: 60% >> 80% 85% ofinhabitants Decs.: providecontainer Res.: 60% >> 85% • Optimizecollection in alreadyconnectedareasand/orextendtootherareas

4. Basic decisionsandoptions(II) • Introducingseparationatsource forwhat, where, when, how Topic for May / June training also includingpublicawarenessissuesandplanning

5. Basic decisionsandoptions (III) Option 1 Option 2 • Building on voluntaryparticpationortrust on obedientpopulation

6. Planningadvice: Recommendationsforcontainersettings Main guidingprinciples: • Capacitiesshouldsufficethe needs of the citizens to get rid of their generated waste within reasonable (sanitary and space constraints) intervals, i.e. nobody should be forced to litter or dump waste in nature • Container distribution should allow convenient disposal (acceptable distance from the source of waste generation) • Container distributionandcapacitiesshouldallowcollectiontourstobeasmuchefficientaspossible

7. Planningadvice: Recommendationsforcontainersettings Collectionisefficient... ....whencontainersarecompletelyfilledatthemomentofcollection, i.e. • notripstoemptycontainerswhichareonly half filledorevenless • nolay-bys (overfillingofcontainers) whichcausesthecollectioncrewconsiderableeffortto clean upthesitemanuallyandwastesoperation time ofthetruck (andfueltorestartorrunit in standstill)

8. Planningadvice: Recommendationsforcontainersettings Pleaseexplain

9. Planningadvice: Recommendationsforcontainersettings Howtoplacecontainers (I) • Visible • Easilyandsafelyaccessibleforcitizensfromonesideandcollectiontrucksfromtheother • Not hinderingtraffic (flows) and not hindredbytraffic (atrest), e.g.- not attrafficlights- not atcrosswalks- not atextremelynarrowstreets- not in curves • Not whereit would not seem appropriate for aestheticorhygienicreasons • Not whereis a risk of a critical serious exposure (e.g. on slopes, flood prone sites) • Still somehowcentralandclosetowastegenerationhotspots • In theway (numberandlocation) thatthemainguidingprinciplesaremet

10. Planningadvice: Recommendationsforcontainersettings Howtoplacecontainers (II) • Not evenlyacrossthecity • Atfirstratherconcentrated in placeswherethemostwasteisgeneratedand/orpeoplearewillingtopass bywiththeirwaste Concentrated in factreferstospeciallyselectedareas • Set upcontainershere in a larger number(evenmorethanoneat a singleplace)so astogettothepointwhere a collectiontour becomesreallyeffectivebecausecontainersbyand large areoptimallyfilled • thisrequires • priorassessment (approximation) forfirstsetout • subsequent monitoringand • adjustment/optimization (addingorrelocatingcontainers)

11. Planningadvice: Recommendationsforcontainersettings Becauseplasticcontainers do burnmuchmoreeasily! Container quality • Atpresentthese type containersaremainlyused in theprojectarea Whyfornowisrecommendableto stick tothesemetalcontainers?

12. Planningadvice: Recommendationsforcontainersettings Container provision (approximation) • Container capacitiesforhouseholdcollection • mostcommon (MGB) 120 / 240 / 360 / 770 /1100 litres • Limitingfactor • volumeusable (=net) volumeisdeterminedbybulkdensitybulkdensitynormallyrangesbetween100-200 kg/m³ example: 120 l, 150 kg/m³ Bulkdensity = 18 kg per container 1100 l, 100 kg/m³ Bulkdensity = 110 kg per containeroneperson in projectregiongeneratesabout 0.7 kg ofwaste per day i.e. wastefromabout 150 personswouldfillthecontainerwithin 24 h

13. Collection: Somekeyfigures Container collection (fromhouseholds) • Container grossweight Bulkdensity = pouringdensity * fillinglevel • Limitingfactors • working time • human power (laborprotection, OHS provisions)example: 120 l, 150 kg/m³ Bulkdensity = 18 kg per container, for 900 container per shift = 16 t !!

14. Planningadvice: Recommendationsforcollectionlogistics Routing guidelines (also mentioned in ANNEX 1 of TR MWC) • Routes should not be fragmented or overlapping. Each route should be compact consisting of road segments clustered in the same geographical area. • Collection plus haul time should be reasonably constant for each route. • The collection routes should begin as near the garage or truck point of origin as possible. • Within the route, right hand turns are preferred to left-hand turns because of their greater efficiency. Collecting from one side of the road at the time, it is generally best to route with clockwise right turns around blocks • Heavily travel roads should not be collected during rush hours. • One-way roads are best collected by starting near the upper end of a road working down through a looping process. • Dead-end roadways should be considered as a segment of the roads they intersect. They must be collected by driving down and making a u-turn. • Steep hills should be collected on both sides of the road while the truck is moving downhill for safety, loading ease, collection speed, vehicle wear, and fuel conservation. • Higher elevations should be at the start of a route.