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MOTIVAZIONI PER COLLIDER ADRONICI DOPO L’LHC: DALL’SLHC AL VLHC

MOTIVAZIONI PER COLLIDER ADRONICI DOPO L’LHC: DALL’SLHC AL VLHC. Padova, 19 Nov 2003. G.F. Giudice CERN. R. Brock (EXP Fermilab) C. Hill (TH Fermilab) P. Sphicas (EXP Cern) G. Giudice (TH Cern). LHC. Well-motivated energy range. Find the Higgs

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MOTIVAZIONI PER COLLIDER ADRONICI DOPO L’LHC: DALL’SLHC AL VLHC

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  1. MOTIVAZIONI PER COLLIDER ADRONICI DOPO L’LHC: DALL’SLHC AL VLHC Padova, 19 Nov 2003 G.F. Giudice CERN R. Brock (EXP Fermilab) C. Hill (TH Fermilab) P. Sphicas (EXP Cern) G. Giudice (TH Cern)

  2. LHC Well-motivated energy range • Find the Higgs • Find the physics ultimately responsible for EW breaking

  3. ~ 2 GCHF 300-450 MCHF (incluso 70 MCHF di Linac4, ma senza rivelatori); 500 MCHF per SPL

  4. A. De Roeck

  5. Qual e’ il futuro dei collider adronici dopo l’LHC?

  6. VLHC Parameters

  7. Stage-2 VLHC Conclusions • The Stage 2 VLHC can reach 200 TeV and 2x1034 or more in the 233 km tunnel. • A large-circumference ring is a great advantage for the high-energy Stage-2 collider. A small-circumference high-energy VLHC may not be realistic. • There is the need for magnet and vacuum R&D to demonstrate feasibility and to reduce cost. • This R&D will not be easy, will not be quick, and will not be cheap.

  8. VLHC Tunnel Cross Section

  9. Underground Construction • Three orientations chosen to get representative geological samples of sites near Fermilab. • South site samples many geologic strata and the Sandwich fault. • One north site is flat and goes through many strata. • Other north site is tipped to stay entirely within the Galena-Platteville dolomite, and is very deep. • These are not selected sites – merely representative. • Cost of other sites can be built from data gained in these sites.

  10. Desert, e.g. conventional susy need for precision m < TeV measurements after LHC Multi-TeV linear collider? NEW THEORY New thresholds around 10 TeV need for energy increase to make next step of discoveries VLHC ? LHC is the machine to study the scale of EW breaking VLHC not meant to push new-physics limits by an order of magnitude, but to explore a well-motivated (after some LHC discoveries) energy region

  11. DESERT • Connection with GUT, strings, quantum gravity • Gauge-coupling unification • Neutrino masses • Suppression of proton decay and flavour violations • Setup for cosmology (inflation, baryogenesis) • NON DESERT • Low-scale string theory,… • Accelerated running, different sin2qW • nR in bulk • Different location of quarks and leptons in bulk • Low-scale inflation, EW baryogenesis

  12. NON-DESERT SCENARIOS offer good motivations for explorations with a √s ~ 100 TeV hadron collider • Need to test the theory well above the EW breaking scale • Existence of new thresholds in the 10 TeV region Not a systematic review, but some examples relevant to VLHC

  13. Any short-distance scale < LSM-1 explained by geometry GRAVITY IN EXTRA DIMENSIONS Fundamental scale at LSM FLAT Arkani Hamed-Dimopoulos-Dvali WARPED Randall-Sundrum

  14. QUANTUM GRAVITY AT LHC G.G.- Rattazzi - Wells Missing energy (flat) Resonances (warped) Graviton emission Contact interactions (loop dominates over tree if gravity is strong) G.G. - Strumia Higgs-radion mixing H

  15. These processes are based on linearized gravity valid at √s <<MD ~TeV • Suitable for LHC • VLHC can extend limits, but the motivations are weak VLHC can probe the region √s >>MD~TeV (only marginal at LHC)  independent test, crucial to verify gravitational nature of new physics

  16. TRANSPLANCKIAN REGIME Planck length quantum-gravity scale classical gravity Schwarzschild radius same regime

  17. b > RS Non-perturbative, but calculable for b>>RS (weak gravitational field) Gravitational scattering: two-jet signal at hadron colliders G.G.-Rattazzi-Wells

  18. At b<RS, no longer calculable Strong indications for black-hole formation Giddings-Thomas, Dimopoulos-Landsberg b < RS At the LHC, limited space for transplanckian region and quantum-gravity pollution At the VLHC, perfect conditions

  19. 2-jets with large Minv and Dh Black holes VLHC Semi-classical approximation Transplanckian QUANTUM GRAVITY Linearized gravity Cisplanckian LHC Jets + missing ET 2-leptons

  20. - + LEP1 Bounds on LLH LLH> 5-10TeV LEP2 MFV INVESTIGATING THE THEORY OF ELECTROWEAK BREAKING

  21. LSM<1 TeV, LLH>5-10 TeV “Little” hierarchy between LSM and LLH a • New physics at LSM is weakly interacting • No (sizable) tree-level contributions from new physics at LSM • Strongly-interacting physics can only occur at scales larger than LLH

  22. t ~ t dmH2 = + H H PROBLEMA DELLA GERARCHIA  controllo delle divergenze quadratiche alla massa dell’Higgs SUPERSIMMETRIA:

  23. HIGGS AS PSEUDOGOLDSTONE BOSON Gauge, Yukawa and self-interaction are large non-derivative couplings _ Violate global symmetry and introduce quadratic div.

  24. ℒ1 ℒ1 ℒ2 H ℒ2 Arkani Hamed-Cohen-Georgi LITTLE HIGGS A less ambitious programme: Explain only little hierarchy At LSM new physics cancels one-loop power divergences “Collective breaking”: many (approximate) global symmetries preserve massless Goldstone boson

  25. Realistic models are rather elaborate Effectively, new particles at the scale f ~ LSM canceling (same-spin) SM one-loop divergences with couplings related by symmetry Typical spectrum: Vectorlike charge 2/3 quark Arkani Hamed-Cohen-Georgi-Katz-Nelson-Gregoire-Wacker-Low-Skiba-Smith-Kaplan-Schmaltz-Terning… Gauge bosons EW triplet + singlet Scalars (triplets ?)

  26. Higgs/gauge unification as graviton/photon unification in Kaluza-Klein gauge Higgs HIGGS AS EXTRA-DIM COMPONENT OF GAUGE FIELD AM = (Am,A5), A5g A5 +∂5L forbids m2A52 Correct Higgs quantum numbers by projecting out unwanted states with orbifold Yukawa couplings, quartic couplings without reintroducing quadratic divergences Csaki-Grojean-Murayama Burdman-Nomura Scrucca-Serone-Silvestrini Csaki-Grojean-Murayama-Pilo-Terning EW BROKEN BY BOUNDARY CONDITIONS?

  27. Calculable description of EW breaking with strong dynamics at 5-10 TeV New realizations of technicolour theories with new elements (extra dimensions, AdS/CFT correspondence) allowing some calculability “Little hierarchy” is satisfied LHC will discover weak physics at LSM New strong-dynamics thresholds at LLH within the reach of VLHC

  28. P. Limon • The most important requirement for the survival of HEP is worldwide cooperation resulting in a global strategy based on a visionary science roadmap. • Sell the science, not the instruments • Learn from the NASA strategy, in which the goals are truly large and visionary, and the instruments are missions along the way. • The parameters and schedule for a VLHC will depend on the timing and location of all other large facilities. The global plan should recognize these couplings. • If we ever want to build a VLHC, or any other very large facility, we need to have a vigorous R&D program now. • The R&D is very challenging, and the penalty for failure will be severe.

  29. CONCLUSIONI • Anni futuri cruciali per i nuovi progetti di alte energie • La fisica fondamentale puo’ difendere con orgoglio la sua missione • EXP • Un grande progetto negli USA necessario per la fisica delle particelle • R&D sui vari fronti deve proseguire • TH • Nuove strategie per capire la fisica della rottura EW • In scenari “non-desert”, forti motivazioni per una nuova scala a ~ 10 TeV  VLHC

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