Welcome to our class

1. IPA- International Phonetic Alphabet 音标 Welcome to our class

2. 国际音标 分类：英语中共有48个音标，元音20个，辅音28个。 ｛ ｛ 前元音 /i:/, /ɪ/, /e/, /æ/ 单元音 中元音 /ɜ:/, /ǝ/, /ʌ/ 元音 后元音 /u:/, /ʊ/, /ɔ:/, /ɒ/, /ɑ:/ 双元音 /eɪ/, /aɪ/, /ɔɪ/, /ǝʊ/, /aʊ/, /ɪǝ/, /eǝ/, /ʊǝ/ 爆破音 / p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/ 磨檫音 /f/, /v/, /∫/, /3 /, /θ /,/δ /, /s/, /z/, /h/, /r/ , /tʃ/, /d3/, /tr/, /dr/ ,/ts/, /dz/ 辅音 鼻音 /m/, /n/, /ŋ/ 舌边音 /l/ 半元音 /w/, /j/

3. Vowels（元音）-pure vowels（单元音） 前元音：/i:/, /ɪ/, /e/, /æ/

4. /i:/ 例词： he sea tree field 短语： green leaves deep sea clean street eat the meat 例句： A: Would you like coffee or tea? B: Tea, please. A: OK. I have tea, too.

5. /ɪ/- /i/ 例词： pin ship hill chicks 短语： a big ship fifty pictures Miss Smith interesting films 例句： A: Is Lilyin? B: Lilyis ill in bed. C: Oh, I’m sorry.

6. /e/-/ε/ 例词： pen head leg well 短语： ten pence very well expensive cigarettes went to America 例句： A: How did you spend your holiday? B: I went to Beijing. A: Was it expensive? B: Yes ,very.

7. /æ/ 例词： apple lantern hand parachute 短语： black cat mad man traveling bag matter-of –fact 例句： A: Ann is traveling to Japan. B: How happy she is ! A: She is very happy.

8. Vowels（元音）-pure vowels（单元音） 中元音： /ɜ:/, /ǝ/, /ʌ/

9. /ɜ:/- /ǝ:/ 例词： girl bird work turn 短语： early bird superb work thirsty person perfect search 例句： A: He always arrives work early. B: But he wasn’t early this morning. A: You weren’t early either.

10. /ǝ/ 例词： teacher picture breakfast welcome 短语： a glass of watera quarter to seven brothers and sisters a book about China 例句： A: look at the clock！ B: what’s the time? A: it’s a quarter to seven

11. /ʌ/ 例词： cup run jump flood 短语： hurry up! trust us! rubbish dump mustn’t worry 例句： A: It’s sunny today. B: Yes, isn’t it. A: My uncle will go to London next Monday. B: How lucky he is!

12. Vowels（元音）-pure vowels（单元音） 后元音： /u:/, /ʊ/, /ɔ:/, /ɒ/, /ɑ:/

13. /u:/ 例词： zoo who food blue 短语： a tooth for a tooth Sue and Lucy fruit juice two shoes 例句： A: Look at my new shoes? B: Oh, they are beautiful. A: Your boots are beautiful, too.

14. /ʊ/-/v/ 例词： foot wood book push 短语： good cook good book couldn’t look pudding without sugar 例句： A: Where did you put the book? B: Which book? A: The book you bought yesterday.

15. /ɔ:/ 例词： fork ball morning airport 短语： four balls score board morning glory sports reporter 例句： A: I see two children on the blackboard. B: He is short. A: She is shorter.

16. /ɒ/- /ɔ/ 例词： cock shop job hospital 短语： hot coffee long job on the box drop the pot 例句： A: I have a bad cough. B: You must see a doctor. A: Yes, I must go to the hospital.

17. /ɑ:/ 例词： car garden star guitar 短语： fast car half mast heart transplant stars and bars 例句： A: You look very smart today. B: Thank you. C: What a marvelous dancer you are. Let me take a photograph of you.

18. Vowels（元音）-diphthongs（双元音） /eɪ/, /aɪ/, /ɔɪ/, /ǝʊ/, /aʊ/, /ɪǝ/, /eǝ/, /ʊǝ/

19. /eɪ/-/ei/ 例词： face rain cake wait 短语： eight cakes waste paper railway station wait for the mail 例句： A: It’s my birthday today. B: Happy birthday A: Thank you. Come to my birthday party. And don’t be late.

20. /aɪ/-/ai/ 例词： sky kite write bicycle 短语: white lie high tide eye for eye silent night 例句： A: It’s a fine day today. The sun is shining brightly. B: Yes, I feel hot. I like an ice-cream now. A: Yes, I do, too.

21. /ɔɪ/-/ɔi/ 例词： boy boil noise coin 短语： a spoilt boy a noisy toy an annoying voice Joyce's boyfriend 例句： A: Look at my toy gun. B: Oh, what a good toy! A: Shall we join our friends in the garden? B: Yes, let’s go.

22. /ǝʊ/-/ǝv/ 例词： coast throwboat toe 短语： Joe’s coat go to the window load and unload throw a snowball 例句： A: Look! He has a boat. B: Is he going to row? A: I think so.

23. /aʊ/-/av/ 例词： cow house mouth trousers 短语： shout out brown mouse down town round lounge 例句： A: Is she milking the cow? B: Yes, she is. A: Is the cow in he house? B: No. She is on the dairy farm.

24. /ɪǝ/-/iǝ/ 例词： ear queer zero beard 短语： the atmosphere here queer skier weary mountaineer experienced engineer 例句： A: Let’s have some beer here. B: What a good idea! A: What shall we do after having beer? B: We shall go to the theatre.

25. /eǝ/-/εǝ/ 例词： hair bare pear chair 短语： millionaire’s heir mayor’s parents square chairs careful librarian 例句： A: Where is my pen? B: It’s over there on the chair. A: Thank you. It’s really there.

26. /ʊǝ/-/vǝ/ 例词： tour poor jury gourd 短语： poor tourists tour from China furious jury European gourd 例句： A: I received a letter from my uncle. He’s sick with influenza. B: I’m sorry. Is he still in Europe. A: Yes. He’s still working in London. B: He must speak fluent English.

27. Consonants（辅音）-plosives（爆破音） /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/

28. /p/ 例词： pig pot pond plan 短语： pick up a pepper pot a piece of pork a pen and a pencil 例句： A: Do you collect stamps? B: Yes, I do. A: Will you show me your stamp album? B: Yes, they are upstairs. Let me go and fetch them.

29. /b/ 例词： bus bed bench brush 短语： Big Ben a big bottle beautiful blouses blue butterflies 例句： A: Is this your handbag? B: No, it isn’t my handbag is not brown. A: What color is you handbag? B: It’s black.

30. /t/ 例词： tie taxi tap telephone 短语： tit for tattip of the tongue flat foottale-teller 例句： A: I’m hungry. I want something to eat. B: What about some steak? Let’s go to the restaurant! A: Yes, let’s go.

31. /d/ 例词： door doctor head wind 短语： darling daughter dark red played cards listened to the radio 例句： A: What did you do last night？ B: I studied last night. A: Did you study all night? B: No, I didn’t. I listened to the radio for some time.

32. /k/ 例词： car duckclock park 短语： the back of the car ask question a quarter to sixcool as cucumber 例句： A: I like chocolate cakes. B: You do? Do you often have chocolate cakes? A: Yes, I do. B: If you want to keep fit, don’t eat too many chocolate cakes.

33. /g/ 例词： bag doggoat grape 短语： good girl go to the grocer’s as good as gold get angry 例句： A: Can you play the guitar? B: Yes, I played my guitar in the garden and song again and again with my friends last night. A: You must have had a good time last night.

34. Consonants（辅音）-fricatives（摩擦音） /f/, /v/, /θ/, /ð/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /h/, /ʧ/, /ʤ/, /r/

35. /f/ 例词： laughfat fish family 短语： fresh fruit fast food soft sofa feel fine 例句： A: Look at Freda! She is fashionable. B: Her hat is funny. A: Look at her fur coat. It’s fabulous.

36. /v/ 例词: vet village volcano television 短语： lovely view village vet leaving arriving leaves of the vine 例句： A: Who’s driving the van? B: I think victor is. A: Who is victor? B: He is my new neighbor, he has lived here for only a few months.

37. /θ/ 例词： tooth monththin thirsty 短语： three thousand Martha's birthday healthy author thirty mathematicians 例句： A: My father is a mathematician. B: No wonder you are good at mathematics. A: To tell you the truth, my father never teaches me math.

38. /ð/ 例词： father breathe that feather 短语： smooth leather get together better than others another brother 例句： A: Lily is taller than Mary. B: But Mary is slimmer than Lily. A: Look at them. They’re doing physical exercise together.

39. /s/ 例词： sun small horse bicycle 短语： sleep soundly expensive cigarettes some bookssit in the sun 例句： A: These are cups. B: Those are saucers. A: They’re nice cups and saucers.

40. /z/ 例词： zoo prize bees nose 短语： jazz music close the windows these dayszero animal 例句： A: Let’s go to the zoo. B: Good. I like looking at the zebras. C: I like the monkeys there. Let’s go.

41. /ʃ/ 例词： fishsugar shoe shop 短语： fashion shops friendship association Britishshoes washing machine 例句： A: This shop sells washing-machines. B: Do they sell air-conditioners, too. A: Sure.

42. /ʒ/ 例词： garage pleasure measure collision 短语： an unusual collision measure a garage a great decision my pleasure 例句： A: Lily likes clothes for casual wear. B: Clothes for casual wear are comfortable, A: I like to wear them in my leisure time.

43. /h/ 例词： hat hard hen high 短语： heart and hand high heels head-to-head happy honeymoon 例句： A: There was a car accident here last Sunday. B: Oh, it’s horrible! A: Were you here when the accident happened? B: No, I only heard about it.

44. /ʧ/ 例词： cheek chicken church watch 短语： Chinese chess which butcher chicken and chips change much 例句： A: Where are the two children? B: They’re having lunch. A: Here are some cherries for them. B: Thank you very much.

45. /ʤ/ 例词： jeep jug orange bridge 短语： a large jeep injured passengers adjust the engine orange juice 例句： A: I have an orange. B: Oh, your orange is large. Look! I’ve got a large sandwich. A: Yes, it is a very large one.

46. /r/ 例词： rose lorry rubber rocket 短语： American waitress a married secretary grown up children French restaurant 例句： A: Rose works as a secretary at the railway station. B: She does? She is a very pretty girl. A: Yes, very.

47. Consonants（辅音）-nasals（鼻音） /m/, /n/, /ŋ/

48. /m/ 例词： moon home medicine mountain 短语： man-made make a mistake come tomorrow middle name 例句： A: Mum has come back home. B: Marvelous. A: Mom says we’ll go and see a movie tonight. B: Yes, we certainly will.

49. /n/ 例词： neck tinnight noise 短语： neat brandy a negative answer telephone number harden the neck 例词： A: What a nice postcard of the Grand Canyon! B: They are wonderful. A: Who sent it to you? B: A friend of mine.

50. /ŋ/ 例词： ink ring sing monkey 短语： ring-ding rising diphthong strong string playing ping-pang 例句： A: Do you like drinking tea? B: Yes, I do. A: We are advised to drink more tea than coffee. B: Tea is good for health.