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Unit #2: Rocks, Minerals, and Resources

Unit #2: Rocks, Minerals, and Resources. Rock - a naturally formed solid piece of the Earth ’ s crust composed of a mixture of minerals All rocks have minerals. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CvDw07iYaJQ&safe=active. Rocks that contain 1 mineral are called monomineralic.

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Unit #2: Rocks, Minerals, and Resources

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  1. Unit #2: Rocks, Minerals, and Resources

  2. Rock - a naturally formed solid piece of the Earth’s crust composed of a mixture of minerals • All rocks have minerals. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CvDw07iYaJQ&safe=active

  3. Rocks that contain 1 mineral are called monomineralic. • Rocks that contain more than 1 mineral are called polymineralic.

  4. Rock Types • Igneous • Sedimentary • Metamorphic

  5. Rock Classification • Rock are classified based upon how they form. • Igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of molten rock.

  6. Sedimentary rocks form from fragments of other rocks, chemical precipitates, or organic remains. • Metamorphic rocks form from other rocks that undergo intense heat and pressure but not melting.

  7. Types of Molten Rock • Lava - liquid rock at the Earth’s surface • Magma - liquid rock beneath the Earth’s surface

  8. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P5_4IImARPg&safe=active

  9. Mt Etna, November 18, 2013

  10. Types of Igneous Rock • Intrusive or Plutonic - form from magma - have larger crystals and a coarse texture • Extrusive or Volcanic - form from lava - have smaller crystals and a finer texture

  11. Composition Mafic • Dark color, high density • Contains Magnesium(Mg) and Iron(Fe) bearing minerals Felsic • Light color, low density • Contains feldspar and silicate minerals • High aluminum(Al) content

  12. Vesicles • Tiny holes created by gases escaping from molten lava while it is cooling and solidifying

  13. Igneous Rock

  14. Coarse Texture in Gabbro

  15. Fine Texture in Basalt

  16. Extrusive Igneous Rock

  17. Do Now What three factors are used to identify igneous rocks? What processes cause the formations of the following rock types? (Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary) Where do sediments come from?

  18. Types Of Sediments Clastic- Fragments of Other Rocks-Grain Size Evaporties- Sea Water evaplorates leaving behind sediments. (Salt) Precipitates- Chemical- Solutioning(ions) Biologic- Plankton, Diatoms Biologic- Terrestrial– Plants/Trees Marine- Shells, Coral, Stromatalites

  19. Types of Sedimentary Rock • Clastic or Fragmental - form from the fragments of other rocks (sediment)

  20. Stream Deposition • Cause of deposition- Velocity Decreases • Sediment characteristics effecting deposition • Size – • Shape- • density

  21. Size: Largest Particles Settle First Shape: Roundest Particles Settle First Density: The most dense particles settle first.

  22. Horizontal Sorting Stream Flow Large, Round, Dense Sediment • Flow Widens • Slower Water Delta Small, Flat, Lighter Sediment

  23. The Yukon River Delta

  24. Sedimentary Rock

  25. Sedimentary Rock

  26. Vertical Sorting Small Large

  27. A B A B

  28. Types of Sedimentary Rock • Nonclastic - organic and chemical - form from organic remains (shells, etc.) or chemical precipitates

  29. Types of Metamorphism • Regional - heat and pressure are applied to a large area of rock in collision zones of the Earth’s tectonic plates • Contact or Thermal - rock is “burned” due to heat from lava or magma

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