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Class 10: Earth-Orbiting Satellites And Review

Thursday 5 February. Class 10: Earth-Orbiting Satellites And Review. Reading: LKC 7.13 -- p. 574 - 615 Last lecture: Spectroscopy, mineral spectra. Orbit Platform Sensor. C-130. Sputnik. 1957 Sputnik. 1999 EOS. Sputnik 2 with Laika. Airborne platforms – test beds, flexible paths.

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Class 10: Earth-Orbiting Satellites And Review

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  1. Thursday 5 February Class 10: Earth-Orbiting Satellites And Review Reading: LKC 7.13 -- p. 574 - 615 Last lecture: Spectroscopy, mineral spectra

  2. Orbit Platform Sensor C-130 Sputnik 1957 Sputnik 1999 EOS Sputnik 2 with Laika

  3. Airborne platforms – test beds, flexible paths SEBASS Hyperspectral TIR sensor in a Twin Otter

  4. Orbits Key elements: - eccentricity - inclination - periapsis

  5. Inclination Low inclination High inclination

  6. Hubble Space Telescope – low inclination most Shuttles - low inclination

  7. Exception: SRTM i=58º

  8. High-inclination orbits

  9. Special case – Sun-synchronous orbit (i ~ -81º) Satellite is overhead at same local solar time all year Why would you choose - late morning? - mid afternoon? - early morning?

  10. Global coverage

  11. Sensor characteristics • spatial resolution and field of view • spectral resolution • spectral coverage • number of bands • Spatial resolution depends on experiment • high – spatial detail, less emphasis on spectroscopy • moderate – environmental monitoring • low – weather, oceanography • Spectral resolution • panchromatic • multispectral • hyperspectral (imaging spectroscopy)

  12. Spectral coverage • Optical • reflected sunlight • thermal infrared • LiDAR • Microwave • passive • Radar • Gamma ray, X ray, geophysical (magnetic, gravity fields)

  13. Thematic Mapper LANDSAT – SUN-SYNCHRONOUS ORBIT

  14. ESS 421 - 1st halftopics covered in class, reading, and labs Images and maps - (x,y,z,l,t) Temporal data - Time-lapse movies Spatial data - Photos and interpretation Spectral data Electromagnetic spectrum Absorption and Beer’s law (t=e-kz) Transmission Reflection Scattering and Lambert’s law  R=Io(cos i)/p Interaction of light and materials Electronic processes (VNIR) - electron transition (VIS), sharing (UV), crystral field (NIR) Vibrations and overtones (SWIR-TIR) Gas,liquid,glass, crystalline Spectra of common materials leaves, soil, water, clouds, snow, iron oxides, hydrated minerals

  15. ESS 421 - 1st halfkey areas for midterm (Tuesday, 10 February 9:30-10:20) Questions may be drawn from labs, lectures, text Basic remote sensing parameters irradiance, radiance, and their units the electromagnetic spectrum thermal emission Atmospheric effects and scattering processes Scattering and reflection from surfaces Spectroscopy fundamentals Spectra of common materials

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