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Kate Levin University of Edinburgh

Kate Levin University of Edinburgh. How healthy are Scotland’s children? A European overview. Policy developments related to children and young people’s health. National Programme for Improving Mental Health and Well-being (2001) Action Plan (Scottish Executive, 2003)

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Kate Levin University of Edinburgh

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  1. Kate Levin University of Edinburgh How healthy are Scotland’s children? A European overview

  2. Policy developments related to children and young people’s health • National Programme for Improving Mental Health and Well-being (2001) Action Plan (Scottish Executive, 2003) • Schools (Health Promotion and Nutrition) (Scotland) Act 2007 requires education authorities to ensure schools are health-promoting • ‘Creating confident kids’ programme is based on SEAL (Social and Emotional Aspects of Learning programme, in England) • Equally Well: Report of the Ministerial Task Force on Health Inequalities (2008) aims to reduce health inequalities among children and young people • Curriculum for Excellence (2009) to take a holistic approach to health and wellbeing across the school curriculum to improve mental, emotional, social and physical health and to promote resilience, confidence, independent thinking and positive attitudes.

  3. The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) Study An international study that gathers data from young people about their health and well-being • Physical activity • Consumption of food & drinks/weight control • TV & computer use/electronic communication • Sexual health • Body image/BMI • Fighting/bullying/injuries • Self-rated health/health complaints/life satisfaction • Risk behaviours: tobacco/alcohol/cannabis

  4. HBSC: background • Initiated in 1982 by three countries and shortly afterwards became a WHO collaborative study • Now has 43 member countries/regions in Europe and North America • International network of >260 researchers from different disciplines • A collaborative project between national research teams and in partnership with WHO

  5. HBSC: methods • Surveys conducted every 4 years using standard international questionnaire in all countries (latest survey 2005– 2006) • School–based, pupil self-complete questionnaire, teacher or researcher administered • Class is sampling unit • Three age groups with mean age 11.5, 13.5 and 15.5 years • Sample size in each country: minimum of 4,500 (1,500 per age group)

  6. Some results from the 2005/06 HBSC survey Inequalities in Young People’s Health • Report from the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children 2005/06 Survey in 41 countries • Currie et al, 2008. WHO, Copenhagen Health Policy for Children and Adolescents, No. 5

  7. Scottish data: Mental health and well-being • Happiness • Confidence • Perception of looks • Life satisfaction • Multiple Health complaints • Self-rated health

  8. Scottish data: Mental health and well-being • Happiness: Very happy • Confidence: Always confident • Perception of looks: Good looking • Life satisfaction: High life satisfaction • Multiple Health complaints: MHC • Self-rated health: Poor/fair health

  9. Scottish data: Mental health and well-being Prevalence:BoysGirls • Happiness: Very happy52 45 • Confidence: Always confident 2516 • Perception of looks: Good looking 3626 • Life satisfaction: High life satisfaction 8881 • Multiple Health complaints: MHC 2231 • Self-rated health: Poor/fair health 2416

  10. Scottish data: 1994-2006 trends

  11. Scottish data: 1994-2006 trends

  12. Scottish data: Mental well-being • Happiness • Confidence • Perception of looks • Life satisfaction • Multiple Health complaints • Self-rated health

  13. Self rated health poor/fair at age 11 & 15 At age 11 ranges from 3% to 37% At age 15 ranges from 4% to 50%

  14. Self rated health poor/fair at age 11 & 15 At age 11 ranges from 3% to 37% Scotland: 13% (M) 14% (F) At age 15 ranges from 4% to 50% Scotland: 18% (M) 34% (F)

  15. Scottish data: Risk behaviours (15 yrs) Prevalence:BoysGirls • Weekly smoking 14 23 • Weekly drinking 40 37 • Drunkeness (2+ times) 43 48 • Cannabis use (ever) 29 27 • Sexual intercourse (ever) 30 34

  16. Scottish data: 1990-2006 trends

  17. Weekly smoking at age 15: • Ranges from 8% to 48%

  18. Weekly smoking at age 15: • Ranges from 8% to 48% • Scotland: 14% (M) 23% (F)

  19. Sexual Intercourse aged 15 Ranges from 12% to 61% Scotland: 30% (M) 34% (F)

  20. Scottish data: Health behaviours Prevalence:BoysGirls • Brushing teeth twice a day 65 80 • Daily breakfast consumption 57 49 • Daily fruit consumption 36 43 • Daily vegetable consumption 33 43 • Daily physical activity 29 16

  21. Scottish data: 1990-2006 trends

  22. Daily fruit consumption at age 11 & 15 At age 11 ranges from 19% to 52% Scotland: 46% (M) 55% (F) At age 15 ranges from 11% to 42% Scotland: 29% (M) 34% (F)

  23. Key social contexts for adolescent health highlighted in HBSC • Family structure and relationships • Family affluence and parental socioeconomic status • Relationships with peers • School environment

  24. Economic disadvantage and health: key points Effects of economic disadvantage: • Social exclusion and lack of opportunity in activities that promote or support health • Psychological effect of perceived low social and economic status • Direct effects of material deprivation and poverty on social and living conditions • Local and global social and economic conditions impact on aspirations and sense of achievement which affects mental health

  25. Variation in levels of Family Affluence across Europe in 2006

  26. Variation in levels of Family Affluence across Europe in 2006

  27. Across Europe: key points • Injuries are leading cause of death in young people and more prevalent in middle income countries and among lower socioeconomic groups • There is an increasing trend in overweight among children and young people • Overweight rates are higher among lower socioeconomic groups in richer countries and reverse is true in poorer countries • Fruit and vegetable consumption fall below recommended levels; missing breakfast is common; soft drink consumption high • Physical activity, mental well-being and eating habits are interconnected aspects of adolescent health

  28. Scotland: key points Positive long-term trends in emotional well-being and oral health Short-term improvements between 2002 and 2006 in fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity and condom use Areas of concern: weekly smoking and drinking, particularly among girls Breakfast consumption (at age 15) relatively low compared with the rest of Europe. Sexual experience, alcohol and cannabis use relatively high. MHC and bullying relatively low, fruit consumption (at age 11) relatively high.

  29. FOR MORE INFORMATION, PLEASE VISIT: http://www.education.ed.ac.uk/cahru/ How healthy are Scotland’s children? A European overview

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