1 / 54

Chapter 14

Chapter 14. Immigration and Urbanization. 1. The New Immigrants. Early immigrants had been primarily protestant (Germany); Catholics from Ireland learned to speak English and assimilated; many settled on farms

oria
Download Presentation

Chapter 14

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 14 Immigration and Urbanization

  2. 1. The New Immigrants • Early immigrants had been primarily protestant (Germany); Catholics from Ireland learned to speak English and assimilated; many settled on farms • “New Immigrants” – 1870’s from southern and eastern Europe (Italy, Greece, Poland, Russia, Hungary) in massive numbers • Unskilled, Catholic, Jewish, poor, settled in cities • New cultures and languages

  3. Immigrant Experience • Long journey, could only take essentials, tickets were expensive • Most traveled steerage (worst accommodations – lower decks, not private) • Filthy, disease, crowded • Processing in American ports • Requirements: Healthy, money ($20), skill • After 1892 – Ellis Island, NY • Wealthier passengers processed on board • Chinese processed at Angel Island, San Francisco • Had to prove they had relatives; often held for weeks

  4. http://www.history.com/videos/ellis-island-registering-as-an-american-citizenhttp://www.history.com/videos/ellis-island-registering-as-an-american-citizen

  5. http://www.history.com/videos/immigrants-detained-at-ellis-islandhttp://www.history.com/videos/immigrants-detained-at-ellis-island

  6. http://www.history.com/videos/passing-the-medical-inspection-at-ellis-islandhttp://www.history.com/videos/passing-the-medical-inspection-at-ellis-island

  7. http://www.history.com/videos/immigrants-reunited-with-loved-oneshttp://www.history.com/videos/immigrants-reunited-with-loved-ones

  8. http://www.history.com/videos/ellis-islands-dark-underbelly-in-pictureshttp://www.history.com/videos/ellis-islands-dark-underbelly-in-pictures

  9. Immigrant Experience cont. • New language, new culture • Those without family had a difficult time • Had to decide where to live and what to do • Lived in ethnic neighborhoods together • Exclusionary but also felt familiar • Americanization programs – helped them learn language, adapt to U.S. way of life • “Melting Pot” theory • Children generally assimilated better than first generation and felt more “American” • Older generation clung to religion, heritage, families

  10. Immigrant Experience • Hostility due to competition for jobs • Nativism – native-born were superior • Religion – major source of hostility • Chinese Exclusion Act – restricted numbers • Exclusions for those who were immoral, criminals, paupers • BUT – fueled industrial growth, made their traditions part of America, provided massive labor supply, helped U.S. become a world power

  11. Chinatown

  12. 2. Cities Expand and Change • Urbanization • Advantages • Many opportunities, products, services, education, jobs • Disadvantages • Tenements (low cost family housing), slums, no heat/air, poor sanitation, no water, sewage, fires, crime , conflict (gangs) • Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lives • http://www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-us/videos/jacob-riis

  13. Improvements in the Cities • Skyscrapers made of steel • Safety elevator that wouldn’t fall if the rope broke (Elisha Otis) • Electricity powers mass transit – trains, commuter rails, cable cars, underground railways (subways) in Boston and NY • City Planners control growth • Architectural standards, parks and recreation areas reserved

  14. 3. Social and Cultural Trends • Gilded Age – era of wealth, new products, markets, growing middle class, shopping, sports • Consumerism expands greatly • Advertising attracts customers • “Department” stores emerge (Macy’s, Marshall Field, Jordan Marsh) • Mail order catalogs (Sears) • Overall higher standard of living • Began to get indoor plumbing, appliances, pre-packaged food

  15. Mass Culture • Consumption patterns became similar – clothing styles, gadgets, food preferences – mass culture • Widespread newspaper circulation • Joseph Pulitzer – sensational stories of corruption, politics, sports – designed to sell papers • William Randolph Hearst – competed with Pulitzer, papers became even more sensationalized • Literature – Mark Twain, Horatio Alger (succeed by hard work), Stephen Crane

  16. Mass Culture cont. • Education – growth of public schools, kindergartens, literacy rate climbed, some women’s colleges • Entertainment – amusement parks (Coney island) and first roller coasters, parks for city laborers (Central Park) • Outdoor events – Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show, Annie Oakley – riding, roping, rodeos • Vaudeville – medley of drama, songs, off-color comedy • Movie theatres – The Great Train Robbery – first movie, nickelodeons – charged one nickel!

  17. Mass Culture cont. • Expos and exhibitions • Sports drew thousands, especially baseball (Fenway Park); baseball organizes into a business (NL), “Coloured League” • Horse racing, bicycle racing, boxing, football, basketball invented by George Naismith • Sports heroes emerged

More Related