EUROAIRNET

1. EUROAIRNET Goal/Objectives/Stages • Goal - European network with sufficient spatial coverage and representativeness and quality - Efficient and early data reporting • Stages 1) Exposure assessment on European scale based upon monitoring alone 2) Assessment from a combination of monitoring and modeling 3) To support assessment of effects, and cost-effective abatement

2. EUROAIRNETGoal/Objectives/Stages • Stage 1 objectives • General description of European AQ • Comparison of networks and AQ between cities and areas • Estimation of exposure of population, materials and ecosystems

3. EUROAIRNETDevelopment and Implementation 1996 - 2001 1. Definition (goal, objectives) 1996 2. Criteria development 1996-1998 3. Visits to NRCs 1996 - 2000  4. Station selection 1997 - 2000  5. Evaluation process 1999  6. Data reporting to AIRBASE 1997 - 2000 

4. Criteria for design of EUROAIRNET Important criteria: w Selection of areas to be monitored w Classification of monitoring sites w Selection of compounds w QA/QC

5. EUROAIRNET Criteria Assessment of Population Exposure Criteria for selection of areas/ existing stations to be fulfilled by each state as far as possible Type of area Criteria Area selection Station selection Cities/ Agglomerations Total pop: 170mill £ >0.5 mill All cities All stations, 20 stations (~75) Include cities with high/ 0.25 - 0.5 mill At least 25% of the cities medium/low industrialization (~100) 0.05 - 0.25 mill At least 10% of the cities Include cities with high/ medium/low industrialization (~1000) Rural areas Monitoring needs and area/ station selection to be done by each country. Total pop: ~260 mill ³ 50% of rural population should be covered. Industrial areas All areas with air pollution All existing monitoring outside cities above the WHO AQ stations in these areas. Guidelines

6. EUROAIRNET Criteria Material Exposure Assessment Selection of areas and stations General: • Concentrate on urban areas • Monuments/historical buildings also in towns/industrial/rural areas Selection criteria: Type of area Area selection Station selection At least 10% of the At least three stations in the selected Urban areas >0.5 mill. cities area representing high urban pollution, traffic and average urban background. At least 5% of the areas At least two stations in the selected area Industrial areas representing high and medium level of pollution. Areas with different One station in each of the different Rural areas climatic conditions climatic areas of the state.

7. EUROAIRNET Status – 2000 Station Classification Scheme: Modified EoI

8. EUROAIRNET status/improvements – 2000 Station Classification Scheme:Additional meta-data for stations (Level 3), necessary to provide a basis for comparison between stations

9. EUROAIRNET Criteria Compounds

10. EUROAIRNET - QA/QC Criteria • Classification of QA/QC procedures • Data Quality Objectives (DQO) • Methods • Documented QA/QC plans

11. Criteria Type of network/station Type of QC/QC procedure Local Accredited Central National Network central laboratory & Minimum No Network or laboratory & complete documented documented Affiliated complete QA/QC plan QA/QC plan QA/QC plan Levels Station QA/QC plan Ö Ö 1 Ö Ö 2 a Ö Ö b Ö Ö 3 Ö Ö Ö 4 or Ö 5 QA/QC criteria for classification and the selection of stations accepted to be included in the EUROAIRNET

12. A summary of DQOs for EUROAIRNET Data Quality Objectives Monitoring objective Accuracy Precision Data completeness Representative- Temporal Spatial ness (spatial) £ < 2 ppb > 90% 1) 1), 2) 10% Trend detection 3) > 90% 1) 1), 2) 1) The DQOs are set for station-by-station comparison (for same station class) and for trend detection at any one station. In the case of comparisons of e.g. cities or larger entities, or trend assessment for larger areas, the requirements to spatial coverage and representativity would be strict, and to quantify those requires more analysis. 2) To be eligible for comparison with a station of the same class in another location (city, country), representativeness criteria should be complied with, as described on page 37-39. 3) To detect a trend with a certain accuracy, the combined accuracy and precision of the measurement must be considerably better than the expected trend (expressed as relative change) (see page 39).

13. EUROAIRNET RURAL STATIONS Representativeness Areas (ranges of radius) as given by networks

14. Selected Cities and Areas for EUROAIRNET(per September 1999)November 2000 OVERVIEW Cities/aggl. >25,000 355411 Class 1 6366 Class 2 5760 Class 3 198236 Class 4 3749 Industrial areas outside cities 46113 Small towns 1640 Rural areas 219280 Sum, areas 636847

15. EUROAIRNET Status – November 2000 Overview of selected stations Per Dec. 1999Per Nov. 2000 Cities/agglomerations 915 945 Small towns 28 40 Industrial areas 96 216 Rural areas 231 296______ 1275 1497______

16. EUROAIRNET Station Selection Status April 1999 Compound coverage

17. MAPS, EUROAIRNET Stations

20. EUROAIRNET Status – 2000 Population covered by EUROAIRNET selection

21. Evaluation/Acceptance Process of EUROAIRNET Selection 1. Station selection 1997 - 1999. 2. Evaluation by ETC-AQ June - August 1999 3. Re-evaluation by NRC August - November 1999 4. Finalization of 1st Stage EUROAIRNET

22. EoI Data in AIRBASE Number of annual time series 1997 1998 1999 SO2 937 1098 929 NO2 865 1075 985 PM10 145 237 235 TSP 493 645 491 CO 206 465 610 O3 641 837 739

23. MAPS, EoI Data

24. EVALUATION of EUROAIRNET Selection RURAL AREAS • All countries should make selection (10 countries have not selected so far) • Countries should confirm that their selection fulfils the criteria: • at least 50% of the rural population should be represented by the stations selected • the selection should give a representative picture of the exposure of ecosystems in the country

25. Compounds measured at Rural EuroAirNet Stations (2000)

26. Rural Stations/Data in AIRBASE Measurement Methods

27. Rural maps