Vocabulary Review

Vocabulary Review Chapter 4

The smallest unit that can carry on all of the processes of life. Section 1 Cell

-All living organismsare composed of one or more cells.-Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism.-Cells come only from pre-existing cells. Cell Theory

Covers a cell’s surface and acts as a barrier between the inside and outside of a cell; the “gatekeeper” Section 2 Plasma (Cell) Membrane

The region of the cell that is within the plasma membrane and that includes the fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles except the nucleus Cytoplasm

The part of the cytoplasm that includes molecules and small particles, such as ribosomes, but not membrane-bound organelles. Cytosol

The “brain” of the cell; controls most cell functions Nucleus

Organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotes

Organisms made up of one or more cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotes

Subcellular structures that perform specific functions for the cell. Organelles

A group of similar cells and their products that carry out a specific function. Tissue

Groups of tissues that perform a particular job in an organism Organ

Group of organs that accomplish related tasks Organ System

The double-layer of phosphate heads and fatty acid tails that form the plasma membrane Section 3 Phospholipid bilayer

Structures in the nucleus made of DNA and protein Chromosomes

The double membrane the surrounds the nucleus Nuclear envelope

Site where DNA is concentrated when it is in the process of making ribosomal RNA Nucleolus

Organelles made of protein and RNA that direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm Ribosomes

Tiny organelles that transfer energy from organic molecules to adenosine triphosphate (ATP); “powerhouse” Mitochondria

System of membranous tubes and sacs, called cisternae, that transfer molecules in the cell Endoplasmic reticulum

Flattened, membranous sacs that receive vesicles form the ER, modify the the contents, and transport them Golgi apparatus (body)

Vesicles that contain digestive enzymes Lysosomes

Network of thin tubes and filaments that give shape to the cell Cytoskeleton

Hollow tubes made of a protein called tubulin Microtubules

Long threads of the beadlike protein actin; contribute to cell movement Microfilaments

Hairlikestructures that extend from the surface of a cell, where they assist in movement Cilia – short; Flagella - long

Two short cylinders of microtubules that play a role in aniemal cell division Centrioles

Rigid layer that lies outside the cell’s plasma membrane Cell Wall

Large, fluid-filled organelle that stores not only water, but also enzymes, metabolic wastes, and other materials Central Vacuole

Organelles that, like mitochondria, are surrounded by a double-membrane and contain their own DNA Plastids

Use light energy to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water Chloroplasts

System of flattened, membranous sacs that contain chlorophyll Thylakoids

Green pigment that absorbs light and captures light energy for cell Chlorophyll

Definition TERM

Vocabulary Review