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Volcanoes These notes go on p. 11 of your inb !!!

Volcanoes These notes go on p. 11 of your inb !!!. Volcanic Settings (Plate Boundaries). Ocean-Continent Convergence. Ocean-Ocean Convergence. CONTINENTAL divergence. Ocean Divergence. Major Volcanoes Around the World.

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Volcanoes These notes go on p. 11 of your inb !!!

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  1. VolcanoesThese notes go on p. 11 of your inb!!!

  2. Volcanic Settings (Plate Boundaries) Ocean-Continent Convergence Ocean-Ocean Convergence CONTINENTAL divergence Ocean Divergence

  3. Major Volcanoes Around the World

  4. “RING OF FIRE”:Area surrounding the pacific plate where the most volcanoes & earthquakes occur

  5. Plate Tectonics and Magma Generation

  6. Viscosity Chemistry of Magma Gases within the magma Water content of magma PARAMETERS OF VOLCANISM

  7. Active Volcanoes: recent eruptions, active magma source • Mt. Etna, Italy • Dormant Volcanoes: no recent eruptions, but still has an active source of magma • Mt. St. Helens, USA • Extinct Volcanoes: no recent eruptions, no source of magma • Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Volcanic activity

  8. Viscosity- the resistance of lava to flow • Ex: The more viscous the lava, the thicker and stickier the material & the harder it is to flow (honey vs. water) TERMS TO KNOW: • depends on the amount of silica • the type of crust being melted determines the amount of silica!

  9. Caldera: large crater shaped basin that forms when the top of a volcano collapses Terms to know:

  10. Formation of Crater Lake

  11. Kaui Oahu Molokai Lanai Maui Hawaii Terms to know: • Hot Spot- random upwelling of magma NOT associated with convection in the mantle • create a special type of volcanism not associated with plate boundaries • Ex: Hawaii, Yellowstone & Iceland

  12. Tectonic Settings and Volcanic Activity

  13. Cinder Cone 1. Cinder Cones: explosive eruptions, small but steep slopes, pyroclastics 3 types of volcanic cones:

  14. Volcano Types

  15. 2. Shield: non-explosive eruptions, fluid basaltic lava, gentle broad slopes 3 types of volcanic cones:

  16. Volcano Types

  17. 3. Composite Cones/Stratovolcanoes: alternating between lava and pyroclastics, explosive and non-explosive eruptions, very steep/tall 3 types of volcanic cones:

  18. Volcano Types

  19. Depends on type of crust melted • Oceanic Crust- quiet, effusive eruptions • Volcano type- shield, fissure, mid-ocean ridges • Magma type- mafic & ultramafic • Continental Crust or ocean/cont. mixed- explosive eruptions, pyroclastic flows, calderas, aerial bombs • Volcano type- stratovolcanoes& cinder cones • Magma type- felsic Type of eruptions

  20. Pillow Basalts (underwater) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdIUuUY0L9c • AA lava- jagged lava • Pahoehoe- ropey, smooth lava C Basaltic Lava Types

  21. searing superheated gas and volcanic ash & dust; very fast Also called “NueeArdente” C PYROCLASTIC FLOWS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-H_HZVY1tT4 Mt. St. Helens Eruption http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WxlRpuTed6g Pyroclastic Flow

  22. Debris Avalanche and Eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington

  23. Draw an exaggerated, cartoon form of a type of volcano • Cinder • Shield (Dome) • Composite • Write a 5-6 sentence summary about it’s “personality.” Must include type of eruption, type of lava, size/shape, and location. Volcano CarIcAtures

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