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WG 1: Environmental conflicts and territorial planning in wetlands. The case of the Regional Park of Molentargius – Saline. A.Guaran, A.Järvet, M.Maritan, B.Paladini, R.Reimets, L.Ronczyk, S.Segura, E.Sepp, G.Tóth, S.Trestip, D.Zlatunova, M.Casu. Outline. Introduction Location

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  1. WG 1: Environmental conflicts and territorial planning in wetlands. The case of the Regional Park of Molentargius – Saline. A.Guaran, A.Järvet, M.Maritan, B.Paladini, R.Reimets, L.Ronczyk, S.Segura, E.Sepp, G.Tóth, S.Trestip, D.Zlatunova, M.Casu

  2. Outline • Introduction • Location • Problems & discussion • Proposals • Conclusions

  3. Molentargius “molenti”, the Sardinian for donkey, which was widely used in the salt carrying 1976 Ramsar Convention 1999 established as a Regional Park of Molentargius - Saline 2003 declared Sites of Community Importance (SCI) and Special Protection Areas (SPAs) rich variety of vegetal and animal species one of the most important European sites for the stop, wintering, and nesting of several species of aquatic birds (180 species, flamingos) diversified flora (many “Red List” of endangered species) a lot has been done, but still many critical points: untreated wastewater, pollutants, illegal waste and illegal housing, lack of trails for ecoturism, change of ecological conditions 1.Introduction

  4. Urban area and hinterland of Cagliari, Southern Sardinia Municipalities: Cagliari, Quartu Sant'Elena, Quartucciu, Selargius 1,622 hectares The freshwater areas: - Bellarosa Minore - Perdalonga Salty water areas: -Bellarosa Maggiore or Molentargius - Stagno di Quartu Flat area with mainly dry features: Is Arenas Sandy complex of dunes (now strongly urbanized): - Poetto 2.Location

  5. Map

  6. 3.Problems & discussion • 3.1.Urbanisation • 3.2.Nature & Environment protection • 3.3.Salt Production • 3.4.Monitoring • 3.5.Floods • 3.6.Issues of Hydrologycal Modelling

  7. 3.1.Urbanisation • Evolution 1950’s vs. 2008 • Changes of land use, planning (agriculture, industry) • Border pressures • Illegal residences • Pollution • Waste water • Roads & Traffic: contamination

  8. Land use: Urban areas – 32% Agriculture – 48% Natural areas – 10% Wetland – 5% Waterbodies – 5%

  9. Roads

  10. 3.2.Nature & environment protection Very artificial and human managed reservoir but… The biggest and best preserved wetland on the south coast of the island. 21 % of the vegetal biodiversity in Sardinia. One of the most important Italian nesting colony of flamingos and other birds. Hemorrhois hippocrepis, Horse shoe snake endangered.

  11. Ecologic conflicts Noise because some urban areas, roads and beaches are around the park. Sediment balance that feeds the nearest beach is broken due to infrastructures. Eutrophication and nitrate pollution because of the crop surrounding area. Dogs attack nesting birds Some people fish and hunt in the area.

  12. Importance of preservation • Many of the wetlands in the world are totally artificial or controlled by human. • Doñana (SW Spain) marsh are regulated by dams. • Also big ungulates living there are regularly hunted to control the number of individuals. • Marsh and mangroves around the world produce a big amount of nutrients than maintain an important food chain. • So transformed landscapes and reservoir can have a very important roll in biodiversity conservation.

  13. Old tradition 1898 state control After II. World War machines were introduced 1985 production finished, because of pollution. Salt production area 3.3.Salt production - History

  14. Salt production - Problems Channels and pumping plants in bad condition. Water circulating system can not work. Dikes broken. Fresh and salty water get mixed. Uncorrect supply of water.

  15. Salt production – curicual issue New development plan (restart salt production, rebuild dikes and the channels, thermal spa and cultural education centre.) - estimated cost about 52 million Euros Pros and cons: - probably economically not suitable - not adequate in protected areas +for the managing authorities a good idea +important habitat for birds +creates jobs

  16. 3.4.Monitoring • The need to evaluate the system • Water concentrated (quality/quantity) • Flora & fauna studies sufficient • Air monitoring / sound pollution • Soil sampling needed

  17. Data reliability example: • Native park – 1400ha • Natura Bird Area – 1383ha • Natura Habitat Area – 1279ha • Land Use Cover – 1612ha • Ramsar Site – 1401ha • In Molentargius PPT – 1466/1470ha • 1622 ha in an article

  18. 3.5.Flooding Learning form past & Future safety

  19. Once upon a time… About 80 000 years ago

  20. People

  21. Expanding the salt production

  22. Pumping station for seawater

  23. Ecosistema Filtro …is developed to help the people Evil twinbrother……Wastewater Treatment Plant

  24. ? P=430 mm/year E=? Q2=? Q1=? Q3=? MINORE F=120ha Vwater=? Vsed=? R=? Qin=? Qout=? Css=? V – Volume R – Retention time Q – Runoff C – Concentration F - Area FILTER Vegetation F=?Vwater=? Vsed=? R=? Qin=? Qout=? Css=? MAGGIOREVwater=? Vsed=? R=? Qin=? Qout=? Css=? OUT Q=? Css=? BOD=? N=? P=? WWTP Qout=0,3-0,4m3/s Css=?BOD=? N=? P=?

  25. Proposals • Improving co-operation between the different levels of governance, streamlining the decision processes. • Integration of the Waste Water Treatment Plant with the management of the Park, they need access to the data. • Improving and evidencing of the Park borders(with habitat and landscape compatible barriers), restauration of old separation dikes – maintenance. • Eventual salt production only for didactic purpose and/or in amount and periods not impacting the migratory fauna. • Improving monitoring system with air (from the city) and soil pullution (Is Arenas). • Improving environmental awareness on the local community (already started). • Setting clear priorities seems necessary in order to improve efficiency of conservation.

  26. Conclusions • Preservation of the biggest wetland in Sardinia needed • Many different problems related to the lack of the earlier planning • There seems to be problems arising from the different views and expectations, or distorted perceptions of the area, by the various stakeholders • The question of future planning between the urbanized and the protected area

  27. Thank you for your attention! P.S. The only solution is Revolution!

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