Who was Tollund Man?

1. Who was Tollund Man? • Aims • To extract evidence from historical sources • To make historical judgements

2. Your hypothesis Write down what you think happened to this ‘body’ A hypothesis is a prediction of what you think has/ will happen

5. Who was Tollund Man? • The Tollund man provides an example of what ancient Germanic peoples may have looked like. • Discovered in a peat bog in Denmark in 1950, the Tollund man was dressed only in a pointed cap and belt. • Tests later determined that the body was over 2000 years old.

6. What can we tell about Tollund Man? • Moss under body suggested the body was placed in the bog approx. 2,000 years ago during the early Iron Age. • Radiocarbon dating of his hair indicated he died in approximately 400 BC. • Examinations and X-rays showed that the man's head was undamaged, and his heart, lungs and liver were well preserved. • Tollund Man must have been over 20 years old (probably c.40 years) because his wisdom teeth had grown in. • He was 161 centimetres (5.3 ft) tall, but it is likely that the body had shrunk in the bog. • He died by hanging - the rope left visible furrows in the skin beneath his chin and at the sides of his neck. • The stomach and intestines revealed that his last meal had been a kind of porridge made from vegetables and seeds. • There were no traces of meat in his digestive system, and he had not eaten the day before his death.

7. Independent Work - Tasks • Read through the evidence in the Detective Work booklet • Mark the top of your page ‘ROUGH WORK’ • Make notes to answer the ‘Things to find out’ questions 1- 6 on the back page • Put your hand up when you finish so you can get the extension work

8. Scientific Report on Tollund Man • Now create a scientific report. Title: The Death of Tollund Man: A scientific report It should include the following: • What we can observe from the body • What we can hypothesise from the clues • How might these have led to the death of Tollund Man? • What possible reasons could be given for his death

9. Drawing Conclusions Make sure you PEE! Point: Tollund man died as part of a religious custom carried out by the North German tribes people. Explanation: These tribes worshipped goddesses to whom they sacrificed their slaves by drowning them in a lake. Evidence: As can be seen in Clue 2, statues of the Earth Goddess have been found in a bog, and Tollund man was also found in a bog.

10. What do you think happened to Tollund Man? • Food poisoning? • Suicide? • Ritual sacrifice? • Murder? • Execution following a crime? • Old Age? • Accident?

11. Homework • Write a conclusion to your scientific report, making a judgement about what you think happened to Tollund Man given the evidence. • For next Tuesday.

12. How does the evidence about Tollund Man connect? • Aims • To make connections between evidence • To make historical judgements which weigh evidence

13. Starter • What was the cause of death for Tollund Man? • How can you prove this?

14. Task • Read through the clues. • How could each clue explain the death of Tollund Man?

15. Making a connective statement • Try to link the following clues: • Scientific Report: Last Meal – a soup made from vegetables and seeds • Clue 2: German tribes celebrated the arrival of the Goddess of Spring. There was a celebration and then the Slaves were then drowned in a lake • Clue 4: Body of Tollund Man which was found in a peat bog which many thousands of years ago would have been a lake. • By taking this approach of making connections between evidence, you are more likely to get a Level 6 or above.

16. Plenary: Assessing each other’s progress • One thing that was good about the ‘connection’ • One thing that could be improved