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BLOOD TRANSFUSION

BLOOD TRANSFUSION. Lisa Breer, RN,BSN,NREMT-B. At the end of 30 minutes, the group should be able to:. Define Blood Transfusion Identify purposes of the procedure Cite situations in which blood transfusion is needed

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BLOOD TRANSFUSION

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  1. BLOOD TRANSFUSION Lisa Breer, RN,BSN,NREMT-B

  2. At the end of 30 minutes, the group should be able to: • Define Blood Transfusion • Identify purposes of the procedure • Cite situations in which blood transfusion is needed • Enumerate the different transfusion reactions with its clinical signs and appropriate nursing interventions • Classify and describe the different blood products and how it is being used

  3. BLOOD TRANSFUSION • It is a procedure in which a patient receives a blood product through an intravenous line. • It is the introduction of blood components into the venous circulation. • Process of transferring blood-based products from one person into the circulatory system of another.

  4. Purposes • To replace blood lost during surgery or a serious injury. • To restore oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. • To provide plasma factors to prevent or treat bleeding. • Done if patient’s body is not capable of making blood properly because of an illness.

  5. Typical Situations in which blood products are given • Major injuries or trauma after an accident or disaster • Surgery on an organ such as the liver and the heart • Severe Anemia • Bleeding such as Haemophilia and Thrombocytopenia

  6. BLOOD TYPES Blood Types and their Compatibility

  7. BLOOD TYPES • Each person has one of the following blood types: A, B, AB, or O. • O can be given to anyone but can only receive O. • AB can receive any type but can only be given to AB. • Also, every person's blood is either Rh-positive or Rh-negative.

  8. BLOOD TYPES • The blood used in a transfusion must be compatible with the patient's blood type. • Type O blood is called the universal donor • People with type AB blood are called universal recipients • People with Rh-positive blood can get Rh-positive or Rh-negative blood. But people with Rh-negative blood should get only Rh-negative blood.

  9. BLOOD BANKS • Blood banks collect, test, and store blood. • Autologous transfusion - If surgery is scheduled months in advance, patients may be able to donate their own blood and have it stored.

  10. PREPARATION • Before a blood transfusion, a technician tests the patient's blood to find out what blood type they have (that is, A, B, AB, or O and Rh positive or Rh negative). • Some patients may have allergic reactions even when the blood given does work with their own blood type.

  11. ADMINISTERING BLOOD • Blood transfusions take place in a doctor's office, hospital, or other healthcare type setting. They can be done at the patient's home, but this is less common.

  12. ADMINISTERING BLOOD • A needle is used to insert an intravenous (IV) line into a blood vessel. Through this line, the blood is transfused. The procedure usually takes one to four hours. The time depends on how much blood is needed, which blood product is given, and whether the patient's body can safely receive blood quickly or not. In EMS, blood is typically given at a very fast or wide open rate depending on patient’s condition. • 20 gauge or larger IV is preferred.

  13. ADMINISTERING BLOOD • During the blood transfusion, a nurse carefully watches the patient, especially for the first 15 minutes. This is when bad reactions are most likely to occur. • If a reaction is noted, discontinue the infusion and start NS at 125 ml/hr. Followed by Benadryl 25-50 mg IV. Please keep the bag of blood and tubing to be tested by the receiving facility. These instructions are provided on the SF Blood Administration Form.

  14. Administering Blood Key Points • Blood products (PRBC, FFP, and platelets) are not to be administered on the MiniMed IV pump. Use a pressure bag to infuse these items. Albumin and other volume expanders such Hespan or Hetastarch may be placed on the IV pump using IV pump tubing. • Always prime your blood tubing with 0.9% NS. Never use other fluids such as D5W or LR because this will cause lysis of the blood cells. • If bleeding is controlled, you should expect that the person’s Hgb level should raise about 1 g/dL with each unit of PRBCs that is administered. • Always use a dedicated IV site for blood transfusions. Do NOT infuse medications at the same time through the same site. Would not be able to tell which item caused a reaction and could cause the blood to clot in the IV tubing.

  15. ADMINISTERING BLOOD • Before, during, and after a blood transfusion, vital signs are checked (such as temperature, blood pressure, respiration rate, and heart rate). Record VS on the Blood Admin Form.

  16. ADMINISTERING BLOOD • Follow-up blood tests may be necessary to show how the body is reacting to the transfusion.

  17. TRANSFUSION REACTIONS

  18. TRANSFUSION REACTIONS

  19. TRANSFUSION REACTIONS

  20. TRANSFUSION REACTIONS

  21. TRANSFUSION REACTIONS

  22. BLOOD PRODUCTS • Components of the blood which are collected from a donor for use in blood transfusion.

  23. BLOOD PRODUCTS

  24. BLOOD PRODUCTS

  25. BLOOD PRODUCTS

  26. BLOOD PRODUCTS

  27. BLOOD PRODUCTS

  28. ANY QUESTIONS?

  29. REFERENCE: • Kozier, et al. Fundamentals of Nursing Concepts, Process, and Practice. Ed 8. Vol 2 • http://wiki.medpedia.com/Blood_Transfusion - August 2, 2010

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