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K 1 = [HCO 3 - ] [H + ]

H 2 CO 3 = HCO 3 - + H +. K 1 = [HCO 3 - ] [H + ] . [H 2 CO 3 ] = 10 -6.4. HCO 3 - = CO 3 2- + H +. K 2 = [CO 3 2- ] [H + ] . [HCO 3 - ] = 10 -10.3. pH < 6.4 H 2 CO 3 dominant K 2 = [CO 3 2- ] [H + ] . K 1 = [HCO 3 - ] [H + ] . [H 2 CO 3 ] = 10 -6.4

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K 1 = [HCO 3 - ] [H + ]

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  1. H2CO3 = HCO3- + H+ K1= [HCO3-] [H+] [H2CO3] = 10-6.4 HCO3- = CO32- + H+ K2= [CO32-] [H+] [HCO3-] = 10-10.3

  2. pH < 6.4 H2CO3 dominant K2= [CO32-] [H+] K1= [HCO3-] [H+] [H2CO3] = 10-6.4 [HCO3-]=10-6.4 [H2CO3] [H [HCO3-] = 10-10.3 [CO32-]=10-10.3 [HCO3] [H-] pH > 10.3 CO32- dominant Therefore HCO3- is the dominant ion between pH 6.4 and 10.3

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