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12 orders of placental mammals *the 6 remaining orders contain just ONE PERCENT of the mammalian species

12 orders of placental mammals *the 6 remaining orders contain just ONE PERCENT of the mammalian species. Order Xenarthra. Living in southern North America, Central America, & South America About 30 living species Means “strange joints”

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12 orders of placental mammals *the 6 remaining orders contain just ONE PERCENT of the mammalian species

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  1. 12 orders of placental mammals*the 6 remaining orders contain just ONE PERCENT of the mammalian species

  2. Order Xenarthra • Living in southern North America, Central America, & South America • About 30 living species • Means “strange joints” • Many of these organisms do not have prominent teeth • Anteaters completely lack teeth • Sloths, on other hand, are herbivores that are continuously growing teeth that are adapted to grinding plants

  3. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndMKTnSRsKM

  4. Order Lagomorpha • Lagomorphs ~ about 70 species Rabbits, hares, pikas • Native to many continents • Differ from rodents = have double row of incisors, with 2 large front teeth backed by 2 smaller ones • Teeth continue to grow throughout lifetime • Adaptation to herbivorous diet

  5. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cqtm9dkAu4o Pikas

  6. Difference between newborn rabbit & hare • Kittens – • Leverets --

  7. Order Rodentia • Rodents = largest mammalian order… +1,800 species (40% of placental mammals) • Squirrels, marmots, chipmunks, gophers, muskrat, mouse, rat, beavers, porcupines • Every continent except Antarctica • Produce many young each litter • Teeth consist of a few molars and premolars & 2 pairs of incisors that continue to grow throughout life

  8. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vVrZb21KSfI misconceptions of rodents

  9. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-mj36HTIJFY&feature=related

  10. Order Primates • 235 living species : lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, apes, gibbons, humans • Most are omnivores & have teeth suited for a varied diet • Brains have a relatively large cortex = enables complex behavior • Wide range of body sizes and adaptations to live in a variety of terrains • Most have forward-facing eyes that enables depth perception • All have grasping hands • All but humans have grasping feet • Some have grasping tail (for living in trees)

  11. Tarsier • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XAaH2gSUdbo

  12. Order Chiroptera • Only mammals that TRULY fly • 900 species = BATS • Found worldwide except in polar environments • Modified front limb with a membrane of skin that stretches between extremely long finger bones to the hind limb • Wingspan can measure up to 1.5 meters • Bat’s clawed thumb sticks out from top edge of wing (used for walking, climbing, grasping)

  13. Small eyes & large ears for ECHOLOCATION • Most are nocturnal & feed on insects • Some tropical bats are diurnal & feed on fruit & flower nectar • They have large eyes & keen sense of smell • Few species feed on meat or blood

  14. Order Insectivora • ~390 species … shrews, hedgehogs, moles • Found in North America, Africa, & Europe • Insectivores ~ animals that eat insects **NOT all insectivores belong to this order = ANTEATERS • Most have long, pointed noses that enable them to probe into soil for insects, worms, etc. • Sharp teeth for grasping and piercing prey

  15. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1rkTdcCFCto • Moles are members of the mammal family • Moles live underground and burrow holes. • Some species are aquatic or semi-aquatic. • Moles have cylindrical bodies covered in fur with small or covered eyes; the ears are generally not visible. • They eat small invertebrate animals living underground. • Moles can be found in North America, Europe and Asia.

  16. Order Carnivora • ~274 living species: dogs, cats, raccoons, bears, otters, seals, hyenas, sea lions, walruses, ETC • Carnivores ~ eat meat • Most are skilled hunters with strong senses of sight and smell • Other adaptations: strong jaws, long canine teeth, clawed toes, long limbs • Aquatic carnivores=pinnipeds • Efficient swimming, streamlined body and 4 limbs adapted for flippers • Return to land to sleep & give birth

  17. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xh2YpA1JzE • When it comes to hunting prey, spotted hyenas seem to know the secret: divide and conquer! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=78RgacB9UgA • Canada allowed hunters to kill more than 300,000 baby seals this year—one of the largest quotas in history.

  18. Order Artiodactyla • <Mammals with hoofs = ungulates > • Deer, cattle, giraffes, pigs, camels, moose • 2 main groups characterized by their foot structure and presence of rumen or cecum • Rumen=chamber of the stomach that contains microorganisms *Animals that chew cud have this Cud– portion of food that returns from a ruminant’s stomach back to the mouth to be chewed and swallowed again “regurgitated food” • Cecum=large sac that branches from the small intestine*Animals that don’t chew cud have this • Ungulates with an even # of toes are artiodactyls • Most are herbivores & are adapted to grind plants

  19. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHNFWmAe5yg growing up giraffe • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NETitFcUYHEgiraffe birth

  20. Order Perissodactyla • Ungulates (have hoof) with an odd # of toes are perissodactyls • Horses, rhinos, zebras, tapirs • Most are native to Asia & Africa • Some species of tapirs live in Central and South America *Have a cecum

  21. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n2F2LjKLYF8 san diego zoo tapir • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PFRrsX_HxD8 national geographic

  22. Order Cetacea • Cetaceans include about 90 species : whales, dolphins, porpoises • Have fish-shaped bodies with forelimbs modified as flippers • Lack hind limbs • Have broad, flat tails that help propel them thru the water • Totally aquatic but evolved from land-dwelling mammals • Breathe thru modified nostrils called blowholes

  23. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TcToXk1HazQ killer whale gives birth • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DWsN63PRCW8 killer whales vs sea lions

  24. Order Sirenia~Manatees & dugongs~ • 4 species make up this order .. Called sirenians • Large, torpedo-shaped herbivores • Live in tropical seas, estuaries, and rivers • Front limbs are flippers modified for swimming • Lack hind limbs and have flattened tails for propulsion • Only sirenian found in North America is the manatee

  25. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YProaycNpHE

  26. Order Proboscidea • Have nose modified into a long, boneless trunk =proboscis • Only living species of this order are the Asian and African elephant (largest living land mammal) • Live in families w/several families living in a herd • Feeds on plants for up to 18 hours a day; 300-600 lbs per day • Trunk allows them to gather water or gather leaves from high branches • Modified incisors, (TUSKS), efficently dig up roots and strip bark from branches ; can grow up to 10 ft & weigh 200 lbs

  27. Longest gestation of any land mammal, 22 months • Female elephants can continue to give birth until the age of 70 • Elephants can live to be 80 years old • Sleep max of 4 hrs per day • Largest brain of any animal

  28. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGm62uybQr8 endangered elephants • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lg0Lgw96Hj8 baby elephant • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59v3PmKp-5Y elephant and dog

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