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By: Ashley & Kendra

Parkinson Disease. By: Ashley & Kendra. What is it?. Parkinson Disease (PD ) a progressive disorder of the central nervous system that often impairs the sufferer's motor skills, speech, and other functions. Causes. The cause of Parkinson Disease remains unknown.

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By: Ashley & Kendra

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  1. Parkinson Disease By: Ashley & Kendra

  2. What is it? • Parkinson Disease (PD)a progressive disorder of the central nervous system that often impairs the sufferer's motor skills, speech, and other functions.

  3. Causes • The cause of Parkinson Disease remains unknown. • Many experts think that the disease is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. • Scientists have identified aging as an important cause.

  4. Genetic Factors • About 15 to 25 percent of people with Parkinson’s report having a relative with the disease. • Researchers have discovered several gene mutations that can cause the disease directly, but these affect only a small number of families.

  5. Environmental Factors • Some scientists have suggested that Parkinson disease may result from exposure to an environmental toxin or injury. • Researchers have identified several factors that may be linked to Parkinson’s. • rural living • well water • manganese • pesticides • Some studies have demonstrated that prolonged occupational exposure to certain chemicals can be a trigger as well.

  6. Dopamine • A substance called dopamine acts as a messenger between two brain areas, the substantianigra and the corpus striatum to produce smooth, controlled movements. • When the amount of dopamine is too low, communication between the substantianigra and corpus striatum becomes ineffective, and movement becomes impaired. • The greater the loss of dopamine, the worse the movement-related symptoms

  7. TheBrain

  8. Facts • Parkinson Disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. • It is also the most common movement disorder. • In the United States, about 1 million people are affected by Parkinson Disease and about 5 million worldwide.

  9. Primary Symptoms • Primary symptoms include: • tremor • stiffness • slowness • impaired balance • shuffling

  10. Picture • Effects the present areas

  11. Secondary Symptoms • Anxiety, insecurity, and stress • Confusion and memory loss • Constipation • Depression • Difficulty swallowing and excessive salivation • Increased sweating • Skin problems • Slowed, quieter speech, and monotone voice • Urinary frequency/urgency

  12. At Risk • Most people who develop Parkinson's disease are older than 60 years of age. • Men are affected about 1.5 to 2 times more often than women. • People who have a family history of the disorder. • People who have been exposed to environmental toxins such as pesticides and herbicide.

  13. Treatment • There is currently NO treatment to cure Parkinson Disease.

  14. Treatment • For some individuals with unmanageable motor symptoms, surgery may be an option. • In deep brain stimulation(DBS), the surgeon implants electrodes to stimulate areas of the brain involved in movement. • In another type of surgery, specific areas in the brain that cause Parkinson symptoms are destroyed. • An alternative approach currently being explored is the use of dopamine-producing cells derived from stem cells.

  15. Treatment • There are many medications available to treat the symptoms of Parkinson’s, although none yet that actually reverse the effects of the disease. • It is common for people with PD to take a variety of these medications – all at different doses and at different times of day - in order to manage the symptoms of the disease.

  16. Treatment • General lifestyle changes (rest and exercise), physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy may be beneficial.

  17. Prevention • Parkinson Disease is NOT preventable.

  18. Prevention • The severity of Parkinson Disease symptoms vary greatly from individual to individual and it is not possible to predict how quickly the disorder will progress. • Parkinson Disease is not a fatal disease and the average life expectancy is similar to that of people without the disease.

  19. Michael J Fox • Actor Michael J. Fox has PD. • Fox was diagnosed in 1991 when he was 30, but kept his condition secret from the public for seven years.

  20. Muhammad Ali • Muhammad Ali has shown signs of parkinsonism since the age of 38.

  21. Conclusion 1. How many people are affected by Parkinson Disease in the United States? • One million 2. About how old is a person who develops Parkinson Disease? • 60 years of age 3. Give an example of a primary symptom for Parkinson Disease? • tremor, stiffness, slowness, impaired balance, shuffling

  22. Bibliography • http://www.medicinenet.com/parkinsons_disease/article.htm • http://www.umm.edu/parkinsons/facts.htm?gclid=CJO2msCr868CFYZxOgody0m7XA • http://www.azilect.com/Consumer/About-Parkinson-s-Disease/Parkinson-s-Symptoms.aspx?s_mcid=google-ppc-&s_kwcid=TC|6774|parkinsons%20disease%20symptoms||S||6492865475&gclid=CJGPtMWr868CFYeo4AodehfvXA • http://www.pdf.org/en/about_pd

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